Capacity STM, LTM

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(Memory) Psychology Mapa Mental sobre Capacity STM, LTM, creado por samantha_x el 21/04/2014.
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Mapa Mental por samantha_x, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por samantha_x hace más de 10 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Capacity STM, LTM
  1. capacity refers to how much can be held in a particular place
    1. Capacity of STM
      1. digit span technique - Jacobs 1887
        1. used the technitque to assess capacity of STM - found that ave span for digits = 9.3 items and 7.3 for letters - suggests this is because there's only 9 letters and 26 letters
        2. Baddeley et al 1975
          1. if people could remember more short words than long words in a recall test and so demonstrate that pronounciation time, rather than the number of items to be recalled, determines the capacity of STM
            1. reading speed was measuresd - participants given 5 words on screen
              1. words taken from one-syllable and polysyllablic words - participants asked to write down 5 words in order immediately after - recalled long and short words
                1. could recall more short than long words
        3. Increasing capacity of STM
          1. Miller 1956 - the magic number 7 plus or minus 2
            1. he reviewed psychological research and concluded that the span of immediate memory is 7; people can cope well with counting 7 dots flashed onto a screen but not many more than this
              1. He also found that people can recall 5 words as well as they can recall 5 letters - we chunk things together and then can remember more
          2. Evaluation
            1. Jacob
              1. individual differences: the digit span not the same for everyone - increased with age - 8 year olds could remember an average of 6.6 digits whereas the mean for a 19 year old = 8.6 digits
              2. Capacity of STM may be more limited
                1. Cowan 2001 - reviewed a variety of studies on the capacity of STM and concluded that STM is likely to be limited to about 4 chunks. Suggests that STM may not be as extensive as first though
                  1. some researchers looked at capacity of STM for visual information and found that 4 items was about the limit (VOGEL ET AL 2001)
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