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Social Influence
Descripción
Mapa Mental sobre Social Influence, creado por Lauren Soper el 08/05/2017.
Sin etiquetas
aqa as psychology social infuence
as level
Mapa Mental por
Lauren Soper
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Lauren Soper
hace más de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Social Influence
Conformity
a change in a person's behaviour as a result of pressure from an individual or group of people
Compliance
agreeing with majority to fit in (gain social approval)
Internalisation
accepting the group norm (changing public & private opinion)
Indentification
adjusting opinion to fit in (agreeing with desirable people)
Explanations for Conformity
Normative Social Infuence
following the 'norm' (to gain social approval)
Informational Social Influence
agreeing with majority (desire to be right / liked)
Asch (1951)
social pressure affecting conformity
123 American male undergraduates
1 participants vs. 6-8 confederates
1 standard line vs. 3 comparison lines
32% conformed to incorrect answer
75% conformed at least once
25% didn't conform
Variations
Group Size
adding more confederates
Unaminmity
adding confederate who gave correct answer ( disagreed with majority, reduced conformity)
Task Difficulty
increased conformity (questioned own ability, look to others for guidance when unclear)
Evaluation (AO3)
- biased sample (gender, cultural)
- artificial task / situation (no real life application, demand characteristics)
- application to modern society (cannot be generalised to now)
- ethical issues (deception etc.)
Zimbardo (1960)
Stanford prison experiment
conformity to social roles
male volunteers
random allocation (guard vs. prisoner)
strictly divided roles (uniforms etc.)
prisoners rebelled after 2 days
prisoners became depressed /anxious (1 released after 1st day, 2 on 4th)
social roles change behaviour / attitudes
people readily conform to social roles (especially stereotypes)
Evaluation (AO3)
- ethical issues (humiliation / distress, lack of fully informed consent etc.)
+ increased internal validity (controlled variables, prison environment)
- lack of realism (stereotypes)
- lack of research support (other findings)
Milgram (1963)
obeying commands of authority figure (despite negative consequences)
40 male volunteers (university students)
teacher (participant) learner (actor)
teacher reads of pairs of words, learner asked to recall correctly (if incorrect, shocks given)
participants unaware of fake shocks
"it's essential that you continue" - experimenter (authority figure)
65% continued to 450 volts
people will obey authority even when asked to perform in an inhumane way
Variations
Proximity (of participant)
e.g. teacher & learner in same room (40%)
Location
e.g. experimenter leaves room & gives orders over the phone (20%)
Uniform
e.g. experimenter played by member of public (20%)
Evaluation (AO3)
- ethical issues (deception, incorrect informed consent, no right to withdraw etc.)
- lacks ecological validity (lab experiment)
- biased sample (gender, cultural, volunteer, demand characteristics)
Locus of Control
Internal LOC
belief that life is determined by own behaviour, decisions & efforts (takes responsibility, less likely to rely on others)
External LOC
belief that life is determined by fate, luck & external factors (more likely to rely on others)
a person's perception of personal control over their own behaviours (explanation of personality)
Minority Influence
minority of people persuade others to adopt their opinions, attitudes / behaviours
Process of Change
snowball effect, increasing numbers who convert
Consistency
committed to view, allows other people to re think their views
Synchronic = within the group
Diachronic = over time
Commitment
extreme ways, willing to risk life, draws attention
Flexability
consistency may be interpreted negatively (rigid, prepared to remain open, compromising & reasonable)
Social Change
society adopts a new way of behaving which becomes widely accepted as the "norm"
bring significant changes to society (usually results in conflict)
Draw Attention to Issue
different view causes conflcit
The Role of Conflict
Consistency
taken more seriously
The Augmentation Principle
willing to take consequences, risks attract media attention
Social-Psychological Factors of Obedience
Agentic State
no responsibility for actions (acting on behalf of authoritative figure)
Autonomous State
responsibility for actions (opposite to agentic)
Agentic Shift
obeying authority (autonomous - agentic)
Moral Strain
guilt / anxiety for wrongful behaviour (powerless to disobey authority figure)
Binding Factors
ignoring responsibility (reduces moral strain)
Legitimacy of Authority
society structured in hierarchy
allows society to function smoothly
we are taught to accept the authority from a young age
The Authoritarian Personality
conventional / inflexible views e.g. gender, sexuality, race etc.
submissive to those with higher social status, dismissive of inferiors
belief that we need stronger leaders to enforce traditional views
F-Scale
Adorno (1950)
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