897594
Biology: Lung Disease
- Tuberculosis
- Transmission
Nota:
- Spread by droplets of water/mucous Inhaled into another person's respiratory system
- Bacterium -
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
- Course of Infection
Nota:
- The bacteria can grow and divide in the upper regions of the lungs. Phagocytes can engulf and digest the bacteria. They can become encased in a tubercule. The bacteria can destroy the alveoli, causing fibrosis and scar tissue. The damage leads to less diffusion of gases, due to less surface area and larger diffusion pathway.
- Symptoms
Nota:
- Persistant cough Tiredness Loss of apetite Fever Coughing up blood
- Transmission
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Scarring of the
epithelium of the lungs
- Irreversibly thickened
- Larger diffusion pathway
- Irreversibly thickened
- The volume of air the
lungs can contain is
reduced
- Reduces the
elasticity of the
lungs
- Lack of stretch and recoil
- Air cannot be expulsed so lung ventilation is difficult
- Air cannot be expulsed so lung ventilation is difficult
- Lack of stretch and recoil
- Symptoms
Nota:
- Shortness of breath Fatigue Chest pain Chronic cough
- Scarring of the
epithelium of the lungs
- Emphysema
- Symptoms
Nota:
- Shortness of breath Chronic cough Fatigue
- Breaking down of the
alveoli
- Surface area of
the lungs is
reduced
- Elastin break down
- Lack of stretch and recoil
- More difficult to expel air
- More difficult to expel air
- Lack of stretch and recoil
- Surface area of
the lungs is
reduced
- Caused by smoking
- Symptoms
- Asthma
- Caused by allergens
- Also triggered by air
pollution, exercise,
cold air...
- What happens:
Nota:
- Allergens cause WBCs to move to site of infection. Release histamine Lining of airways inflammed. Cells produce more mucus. Bronchioles contract, constricting the airways. Airways in turn become blocked
- Symptoms
Nota:
- Difficulty breathing Tight chest pain Wheezing Coughing
- Caused by allergens
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