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Flashcards by Gabriela O'Neill, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Mitosis used for? | Growth Repair Asexual Reproduction |
| How many chromosomes do we have in a body cell? | 46 (23 pairs) |
| What are Genes? | Genes are sections of the chromosomes that code for a particular characteristic by providing a code for a combination of amino acids that make up a specific protein. |
| What are Gametes? | Sex cells They contain half the genetic information that every other cell contains. |
| What happens in Mitosis? | The cells replicates its chromosomes and its organelles. Then the cell splits with an equal amount of organelles and 46 chromosomes, leaving two identical DAUGHTER cells. |
| What does Meiosis produce? | 4 haploid non-identical gametes |
| What is so special about Stem Cells? | Stem Cells are undifferentiated and so have the ability to become a different type of cell. |
| What are different forms/variations of a gene called? | Alleles |
| What are the two types of allele? | Dominant and Recessive |
| What is it called, when a characteristic is controlled by just one pair of alleles? | Monohybrid inheritance |
| DEFINE: Genotype | The combination of alleles that an individual has for a particular gene. |
| DEFINE: Homozygous | An individual who carries two copies of the SAME allele for a particular gene. e.g. BB or bb |
| DEFINE: Heterozygous | An individual who carries two DIFFERENT alleles for a particular gene. e.g. Bb |
| DEFINE: Phenotype | The expression of the genotype (the characteristic shown). e.g. The HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE GENOTYPE of 'bb' would have a PHENOTYPE of blue eyes. |
| Who was Gregor Mendel? | The father of modern genetics, he proposed the idea of separately inherited factors. |
| During fertilisation, the female and male gametes fuse to produce a _______. | Zygote |
| Which combination of chromosomes determine that someone is: A Man? A Woman? | Man - XY Woman - XX |
| Describe an ovum (egg cell)... | Large cell that can carry food reserves for the developing embryo. |
| Describe a sperm cell... | Has a tail, which allows it to move. |
| How come once someone's paralysed, there's no cure? | Some cells, like nerve cells, are not reproducible. |
| How many stages does the cell cycle have and what are they called? | 1st - Interphase 2nd - Mitosis 3rd - Cytokinesis |
| What happens during Interphase (cell cycle)? | - cells enlarge - carries out normal cell functions - chromosomes duplicate (96 instead of 46) - organelles duplicate |
| What happens during Cytokinesis (cell cycle)? | - cytoplasm and cell membrane split - forms 2 identical daughter cells |
| What are adult stem cells? | Stem cells that are found in adults that can differentiate and form a limited number of cells |
| What is the cell cycle? | The 3 stage process of cell division in a body cell that involves mitosis and results in the formation of 2 identical cells. |
| Which process uses asexual reproduction? | Mitosis |
| What sort of reproduction is Mitosis? | Asexual Reproduction |
| What sort of reproduction in Meiosis? | Sexual Reproduction |
| What's cloning? | The production of identical offspring by asexual reproduction (mitosis). |
| What's differentiation? | The process where cells become specialised for a particular function. |
| What are embryonic stem cells? | Stem cells from an early embryo than can differentiate to form the specialised cells of the body. |
| What are stem cells? | Undifferentiated cells with the potential to form a wide variety of different cell types. |
| What's therapeutic cloning? |
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