11811491
Description
Flashcards by Michelle Linda Chancellor, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michelle Linda Chancellor
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are monomers | Small, basic molecular units that make up Polymers |
| Name 3 Monomers | Monosaccharides, Amino Acids and Nucleotides |
| What are Polymers | Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers |
| Name 3 examples of Polymers | Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acids |
| What 3 elements do all Carbohydrates contain? | Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen |
| What Monomers are Carbohydrates made from? | Monosaccharides |
| Name the 3 monosaccharides | Glucose, Fructose and Galactose |
| How many isomers of glucose are there? | 2 |
| Name the 2 isomers of Glucose | α-glucose and β-glucose |
| What are the structures of the 2 isomers of Glucose |
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| What type of reaction joins Monosaccharides together? | Condensation reaction |
| What bond forms between 2 monosaccharides? | 1,4-glycosidic bond |
| What disaccharide forms in a reaction between 2 α-Glucose molecules? | Maltose |
| What disaccharide forms in a reaction between a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule | Sucrose |
| What disaccharide forms between a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule? | Lactose |
| What reaction breaks Polymers? | Hydrolysis reaction |
| What test is used to check for reducing and non-reducing sugars | Benedicts test |
| Which 2 polysaccharides make up Starch? | Amylose and Amylopectin |
| What does Starch store? | Excess Glucose |
| What properties of Starch make it good for Storage? | Insoluble in water, and doesn’t affect water potential |
| What test is used for Starch? | Iodine test |
| Where is Starch found? | In plants |
| What does glycogen store? | Excess glucose |
| What characteristic makes Glycogen good for energy release | It has many side branches |
| What characteristic of Glycogen makes it good for storage | It is very compact |
| What do both Starch and Glycogen contain? | α-Glucose |
| Where is cellulose found | Plants |
| What is cellulose made up of | β-glucose |
| What are cellulose chains linked together by | Hydrogen bonds |
| What do multiple linked chains of cellulose form | microfibrils |
| Name the 2 types of lipid | Triglyceride and Phospholipid |
| What is the structure of a Triglyceride |
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| What reaction forms Triglycerides | Condensation reaction |
| What bonds form between the glycerol and fatty acids | Ester bond |
| What is the structure of phospholipids |
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| What are triglycerides used for | Energy Storage Molecules |
| What makes triglycerides good for energy Storage | Their long hydrocarbon tails contain lots of chemical energy, and they’re insoluble so don’t affect water potential |
| What are phospholipids used for | To form cell membrane bilayers |
| Why do phospholipids make good cell membrane bilayers | They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, so they form a double layer with a hydrophobic centre to block water soluble substances from passing through |
| What test is used to identify lipids | The emulsion test |
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