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Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Willis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Willis
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are biological molecules? and give examples | Molecules made and used by Living organisms E.g Carbohydrates, Proteins, DNA, ATP Water, Inorganic Ions |
| Functions of Carbohydrates | -Store of Energy -Energy source -Structure |
| Give examples of the functions | -Source, Glucose in respiration -Store, Starch in Plants + Glycogen in Animals -Structure, Cellulose in cell walls |
| Name of building blocks of Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides |
| Example of Monosaccharide | Glucose ( a + b) , Glactose, Fructose |
| Formula for Monosaccharides | C₆H₁₂O₆ - All Monosaccharides have same formula but different arrangement (Isomers) |
| Differences between Glucose A + B | Alpha have H group on top and OH on the bottom with Beta reversed |
| How monosaccharides join together? | Condensation reaction - remove water |
| Bond in Carbohydrates | Glycosidic |
| What is a disaccharide? | Two monosaccharides and a glycosidic bond |
| Name the 3 disaccharides and what monosaccharides are involved? | Glucose (A) + Glucose (A) = Maltose Glucose (A) + Galactose = Lactose Glucose (A) + Fructose = Sucrose |
| Disaccharide formula | C₁₂H₂₄O₁₁ |
| How are Saccharide polymers separated | Hydrolysis, add water |
| Definition of Polysaccharides? | Many monosaccharides joint together by glycosidic bonds - condensation reactions |
| Example of polysaccharides? | -Amylose, A Glucose ( type of glycogen) -Cellulose, B Glucose (Walls of plant cells) |
| What does many polysaccharides make up? | Carbohydrate |
| What is Starch? | Main energy storage in plants |
| Name the two types of Starch and properties | Amylose - Coiled, no branches, compact Amylopectin - Many branches, long, enzyme can breakdown with ease as many branches STARCH - Insoluble! Doesn't affect water potential |
| Properties of Cellulose | Long straight chains of beta glucose, Hydrogen bonds cross-link together polymers of B glucose. Many hydrogen bonds form Microfibrils. Support plant cell walls. Insoluble and don't affect water potential |
| Properties of Glycogen | Human version of starch - highly branched, for enzyme to break down, compact, store of excess glycogen |
| What does many microfibrils form | Macrofibrils |
| Test for starch | Iodine dissolved in potassium iodine solution Blue/Black colour |
| Test for reducing sugars | Dissolve solution Add Benedict's Heat - don't boil Colour chain from blue |
| Test for Non-reducing Sugars | Do a reducing sugar test add hydrochloric acid- break it down Add hydrogen carbonate - neutralises solution Add Benedict's and heat Brick Red |
| Name two reducing sugars | ALL Monosaccharides and Some Disaccharides ( Maltose and Lactose) |
| Name one non reducing sugars | Sucrose |
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