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Description
Flashcards by sadiaali363, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sadiaali363
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What four key elements are biological molecules made up of? | Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O) & Hydrogen (H). |
| What is the valency of Carbon? | Carbon has a valency of 4. |
| What is the valency of Nitrogen? | Nitrogen has a valency of 3. |
| What is the valency of Oxygen? | Oxygen has a valency of 2. |
| What is the valency of Hydrogen? | Hydrogen has a valency of 1. |
| Give the definition of valency | Valency is the amount of chemical bonds an element is able to form. |
| What other elements can biological molecules include in trace amounts? | Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Iron (Fe2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Choride (Cl-), Sulphur (S) & Phosphate (P). |
| What is meant by the term Organic? | Contains Carbon (C) & is found in a living thing. (Except Carbon dioxide (CO2) & Bicarbonate ions (HCO-3). |
| What are carbohydrates? | Group of substances structural material in organisms. |
| What are the three types of Carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, disaccharides & polysaccharides. |
| What is a monosaccharide? | It is a simple sugar with the general formula (Ch2O)n. (N can be anything from 3-7.) |
| What are Disaccharides? | 'Double sugars' formed from two monosaccharides e.g. Sucrose. |
| What are Polysaccharides? | Large molecules from monosaccharides formed together. E.g starch, cellulose. |
| What type of sugar is glucose? | Glucose is a monosaccharide & a hexose sugar. |
| Why is Glucose considered a hexose sugar? | Because it contains 6 carbon atoms in it's molecular structure. |
| What is the general formula for all hexose sugars? | C6H12O6 |
| What is the main energy source for most cells? | Glucose. (For plants it's Sucrose.) |
| Glucose in different forms can be known as? | Structural isomers. |
| What are the two types of common isomers (Glucose)? | Alpha & Beta glucose. |
| What is maltose formed from? | Glucose & Glucose through a glycosidic bond. |
| What is sucrose formed from? | Fructose & Glucose. |
| What is Lactose formed from? | Glucose & Galactose |
| What is maltose found in? | Germinating seeds & in malt. |
| What is Sucrose found in? | All table sugars & a transplant sugar found in phloem. |
| What is Lactose found in? | Milk. |
| What type of glycosidic bond does Maltose & Lactose have? | 1-4 Glycosidic bond. |
| What type of glycosidic bonding does Sucrose countain? | 1-2 Glycosidic bond. |
| How can Glycosidic bonds be broken? | Through the addition of water (H2O) in a hydrolosis reaction. |
| What type of reaction is the formation of glycosidic bonds? | Condensation reaction. |
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