2277520
Description
Flashcards by Morgan Morgan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Morgan Morgan
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Obtaining Blood Samples by? | Venepuncture Usually by Phlebotomists, Nurses or Doctor Samples usually obtained via Vacuette system Colour coded tubes |
| Where do you send the samples? (3) | Haematology Biochemistry Immunology |
| Haematology (2) | FBC, ESR…. |
| Biochemistry (4) | CRP, U&Es and LFTs, Serum Urate…. |
| Immunology (2) | Rheumatoid Factor, ANA… |
| Full blood count (FBC) | A full blood count, or FBC, is a very common blood test. Doctors use this to check a person's general health as well as screening for specific conditions, such as anaemia. |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is a test that indirectly measures the degree of inflammation present in the body. The test actually measures the rate of fall (sedimentation) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in a sample of blood that has been placed into a tall, thin, vertical tube. |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant, a protein made by the liver and released into the bloodstream within a few hours after tissue injury, the start of an infection, or other cause of inflammation. |
| Urea and Electrolytes Test (U&E) | U&E is often used as a screening test for patients who are generally unwell, to detect abnormalities of blood chemistry, including kidney failure and dehydration. |
| Liver function tests (LFTs) | Liver function tests (LFTs) measure various chemicals in the blood made by the liver. An abnormal result indicates a problem with the liver, and may help to identify the cause. Further tests may be needed to clarify the cause of the liver problem. |
| Serum Urate | The uric acid test is used to detect high levels in blood when gout is suspected. The test also is used to monitor levels of uric acid when a patient has had chemotherapy or radiation treatments. Measurement of uric acid in urine is used to help diagnose the cause of recurrent kidney stone formation. |
| Rheumatoid Factor | Rheumatoid factor is an antibody that is measurable in the blood. Rheumatoid factor is actually an antibody that can bind to other antibodies. Antibodies are normal proteins in our blood that are important parts of our immune system. Rheumatoid factor is an antibody that is not usually present in the normal individual. Most commonly, rheumatoid factor is used as a blood test for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factor is present in about 80% of adults (but a much lower proportion of children) with rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) | An ANA test detects antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in your blood. Your immune system normally makes antibodies to help you fight infection. In contrast, antinuclear antibodies often attack your body's own tissues — specifically targeting each cell's nucleus. In most cases, a positive ANA test indicates that your immune system has launched a misdirected attack on your own tissue — in other words, an autoimmune reaction. But some people have positive ANA tests even when they're healthy. Your doctor may order an ANA test if he or she suspects you have an autoimmune disease such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma |
| Laboratory Testing in Diabetes (4) | Glucose (random or fasting) HbA1c Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT) Blood glucose meters and Urine strip tests |
| Lab Testing: Inflammatory Arthritis (8) | Rheumatoid factor & ANA ESR, CRP and WCC Anti-CCP HLA-B27 Serum Urate |
| Anti-CCP | Anti-CCP antibodies are potentially important surrogate markers for diagnosis and prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because they: are as sensitive as, and more specific than, IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) in early and fully established disease may predict the eventual development into RA when found in undifferentiated arthritis are a marker of erosive disease in RA may be detected in healthy individuals years before onset of clinical RA |
| HLA-B27 | HLA-B27 is a blood test to look for a protein that is found on the surface of white blood cells. The protein is called human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27). Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are proteins that help the body's immune system tell the difference between its own cells and foreign, harmful substances. A positive test means HLA-B27 is present. It suggests a greater-than-average risk for developing or having certain autoimmune disorders. An autoimmune disorder is a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. An abnormal result may be caused by: Ankylosing spondylitis Arthritis related to Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis Psoriatic arthritis (arthritis associated with psoriasis) Reactive arthritis or Reiter's syndrome Sacroiliitis (inflammation of the sacroiliac joint) Uveitis |
| Lab Testing: Bone Diseases (3) | Bone profile Vitamin D deficiency Alkaline phosphatase |
| Bone profile test | The Bone Profile is a group of tests that include the measurement of Calcium and Phosphate.Alterations in these levels may be associated with both bone and kidney disease. |
| Alkaline phosphatase test (ALP) | The alkaline phosphatase test (ALP) is used to help detect liver disease or bone disorders. In conditions affecting the liver, damaged liver cells release increased amounts of ALP into the blood. This test is often used to detect blocked bile ducts because ALP is especially high in the edges of cells that join to form bile ducts. If one or more of them are obstructed, for example by a tumor, then blood levels of ALP will often be high. Any condition that affects bone growth or causes increased activity of bone cells can affect ALP levels in the blood. An ALP test may be used, for example, to detect cancers that have spread to the bones or to help diagnose Paget's disease, a condition that causes malformed bones. This test may also sometimes be used to monitor treatment of Paget's disease or other bone conditions, such as vitamin D deficiency. |
| Lab Tests: Infection and Osteomyelitis (5) | Diagnosis and monitoring of condition may require: FBC (particularly the WCC) ESR CRP Monitoring antibiotic therapy may require other tests: U&E or LFTs |
| Lab Tests: Coagulation & DVT (3) | Platelet count International Normalized Ratio INR D-Dimer test |
| international normalized ratio (INR) | This blood test looks to see how well your blood clots. The international normalized ratio (INR) is a standardized number that's figured out in the lab. If you take blood thinners, also called anti-clotting drugs or anticoagulants, it's especially important to check your INR. The INR is figured out using the results of the prothrombin time (PT) test, which measures the time it takes for your blood to clot. The INR is an international standard for the PT. |
| D-Dimer test | D-dimer tests are requested, along with other laboratory tests and imaging scans, to help exclude, diagnose, and monitor diseases and conditions that cause hypercoagulability, a tendency to clot inappropriately. One of the most common of these conditions is DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) which involves clot formation in the deep veins of the body, most frequently in the legs. |
| Lab Tests: Vascular Diseases (5) | Cholesterol (Total, HDL and LDL) Triglycerides Creatine kinase, CK-MB and troponins |
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