2662310
| Question | Answer |
| Migration | The movement of people from one permanent home to another, with the intention of staying at least a year. This move may be within a country (national migration) or between countries (international migration) |
| Urbanisation | The growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities |
| Emigrant | Someone leaving their country of residence to move to another country |
| Rural-to-urban migration | Moving home from a rural area to settle in a town or city |
| Industrialisation | A process usually associated with the development of an economy where an increasing proportion of people work in industry |
| Demographic Transition Model (DTM) | A theoretical model that shows changes in population information (birth and death rates and population growth) over a period of time |
| Push-pull factors | Push factors are negative aspects of a place that encourage people to move away Pull factors are the attractions and opportunities of a place that encourage people to move there |
| Dependency Ratio | The balance between people who are independent (work and pay tax) and those who depend on them. Ideally, the fewer dependents for each independent person, the better off economically a country is |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus, which attacks the immune system of people who are infected. Infection is caused when body fluids from an infected person are passed into the body of another. This can happen through unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, sharing needles, or from mother to baby during birth |
| Aids | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a group of infections including pneumonia, TB and skin cancers that strike people whose immune system has been damaged by the HIV virus |
| Exponential Growth | A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases often shown as a j-curve graph |
| Replacement Rate | A birth rate high enough for a generation to be the same size as the one before it |
| Economic Migrant | Someone trying to improve their standard of living, who moves voluntarily |
| Asylum Seekers | People who believe that their lives are at risk if they remain in their home country and who seek to settle in another (safe) country |
| Life Expectancy | The number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth |
| Immigrant | Someone entering a new country with the intention of living there |
| Country of Origin | The country from which a migration starts |
| Transmigration | A population policy that aims to move people from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas and provide them with opportunities to improve the quality of their lives |
| Age Structure | The proportion of each age group in a population. This links closely to the stage a country has reached in the demographic transition model |
| Birth Rate (BR) | The number of babies born per 1000 people per year |
| Under Population | When an increase in population could increase the average quality of life |
| Natural Decrease (ND) | The death rate is greater than the birth rate |
| Host Country | The country where the migrant settles |
| European Union (EU) | A group of countries across Europe that work towards a single market i.e. they trade as if they were one country, without any trade barriers |
| Gender Structure | The balance between males and females in a population. Small differences can tell us a great deal about a country or city |
| Asian 'tiger' | One of the four east Asian countries of Hong Jong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, where manufacturing industry grew rapidly from the 1960s to the 1990s |
| Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs) | These include the Asian 'tigers' as well as other emerging industrial nations such as Malaysia, the Philippines and China |
| Infant Mortality | The number of babies that die under a year of age, per 1000 live births |
| Child Mortality | The number of children that die under five years of age, per 1000 live births |
| Zero Growth | A population in balance. Birth rate is equal to death rate, so there is no growth or decrease |
| Natural Increase (NI) | The birth rate is greater than the death rate |
| Natural Change | The difference between birth rate and death rate, given as a percentage |
| Over Population | When any increase in population reduces the average quality of life of the population |
| Optimum Population | The population at which the quality of life of the people of a country or region is the highest possible, at a given level of technological development |
| Wave Frequency | The number of waves per minute |
| Wave Crest | The highest point of a wave |
| Wave Trough | The lowest point of a wave |
| Wave Steepness | The ratio of the wave height to the wave length (can't be steeper than 1:7 as this is when the wave breaks) |
| Wave Period | The time taken for a wave to travel between one wave length |
| Wave Energy | E∝LH² where L is wavelength and H is wave height. A small increase in wave length will result in a large increase in energy |
| Fetch | Distance over which the wind blew |
| Wave Length | The distance between two successive crests |
| Flow Resources | (Renewable energy) Infinite, continuous energy sources which can be constantly renewed |
| Critical | Renewable energy from sustainable energy resources from forests, plants and animal waste, which require careful management (e.g. replanting trees) |
| Non-critical | Renewable energy from everlasting resources such as tides, waves, running water and solar power |
| Stock Resources | (Non-renewable energy) Finite energy resources whose use means they will eventually run out |
| Fossil Fuel | Fuel produced over millions of years from the breakdown of organic material, e.g. wood into coal |
| Energy Surplus | Having more energy available than is required to meet demand |
| Energy Dependency | The level of energy imports as a proportion of total energy consumption. The higher the proportion of energy imports, the more energy dependent the country is on others |
| Energy Mix | The proportion of primary energy sources (e.g. coal, wood, oil and gas) used to meet demand in a given country |
| Geopolitics | The study of the ways in which political decisions and processes affect the use of space and resources. It is the relationship between geography, economics and politics |
| Trans-National Corporations (TNCs) | Companies that operate in more than one country. Many TNCs play a major role in the world energy production and distribution |
| Sustainable Development | Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations to meet their needs |
| Appropriate Technology | That which is suitable for the area |
| Reserve | The proportion of a resource that can be exploited under existing economic conditions and with available technology (the amount we can actually get to) |
| Recoverable Reserves | The amount of a mineral likely to be extracted for commercial use within a certain time period and at a certain level of technology. They are known to exist as they are in unexplored areas near established areas of production |
| Speculative Reserves | They are deposits that may exist in a geological basin where no exploration has yet taken place. They occur where the geological make up of the earth's crust is similar to regions that have yielded comparable deposits |
| Primary Energy Source | Resources that can be burnt to generate energy directly, e.g. coal, oil and natural gas |
| Secondary Energy Source | Energy sources generated using another fuel, e.g. electricity |
| Energy Security | Having access to reliable and affordable sources of energy |
| Energy Gap | The difference between energy supply and demand |
| Energy Poverty | Having less energy than is required to meet demand |
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