291693
Description
Flashcards by travel_bug, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by travel_bug
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is divergence? | Each preganglionic cell synapses on many postganglionic cells - Results in mass activation of multiple target organs |
| Which structures are innervated by each spinal nerve? | Sweat glands, arrector pili (hair on arms), blood vessels to skin & skeletal |
| ANS neurotransmitters are classified as what two types of neurons? | Cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitter released |
| Where are cholinergic receptors excitatory and inhibitory? | Excitatory at neuromuscular junction. Usually inhibitory at CNS |
| cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine from which neurons? | - All preganglionic neurons. - All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons |
| Adrenergic neurons release noradrenaline from... | Postganglionic sympathetic neurons only |
| Adrenergic neurons excite or inhibit organs depending on... | receptors |
| The main types of adrenergic receptors are... | Alpha1 and Beta1 = excitation Alpha2 & Beta2 = inhibition Beta3 = (brown fat) increases thermogenesis |
| Which neurotransmitters effects are longer lasting? | Adrenergic |
| What is an Agonist? | a substance that binds to and activates a receptor, mimicking the effect of a natural neurotransmitter or hormone |
| What is an antagonist? | a substance that binds to and blocks a receptor, preventing a natural neurotransmitter or hormone from exerting its effect |
| Parasympathetic responses | SLUDD = salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defacation Also ↓ HR, ↓ diameter of airways, ↓ diameter of pupil |
| A visceral autonomic reflex adjusts the activity of a visceral effector, often unconsciously, for example... | •changes in blood pressure, digestive functions etc •filling & emptying of bladder or defecation |
| The main types of cholinergic receptors are... | Nicotinic = excitation Muscarinic = Excitation/inhibition |
| Where are nicotinic receptors found? | On dendrites & cell bodies of postganglionic ANS cells & at NMJ |
| Where are muscarinic receptors found? | On plasma membranes of all parasympathetic effectors (cardiac, smooth muscle & glands) |
| Where does the ANS receive input from? | from limbic system & other regions of cerebrum |
| What 2 brain structures is the ANS regulated by? | The hypothalamus and brain stem |
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