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Description
Flashcards by Anagha Vippagunta, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anagha Vippagunta
almost 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is linguistics ? | The study of language , how it changes , grammar , and how it develops |
| What is prescriptive grammar ? | The rules that govern how to use a language |
| what is descriptive grammar ? | I What a language is , how people actually use it |
| What are hockets 7 design features ? | Semanticity , interchangeability , arbitrariness , displacement , pre varication , cultural transmission , and productivity . |
| What is semanticity ? Do animals exhibit this feature ? Give an example . | Animals communicate for a specific purpose , usually for defense predator earnings , attracting a male , and alerting others to food . All animals exhibit this feature . Example : monkeys |
| What is interchangeability ? Do animals exhibit this feature ? Give an example . | sending and receiving messages . Some do , some dont . Elephants can |
| What is arbitrariness ? Do animals exhibit this feature ? | There is no relationship between the sounds of a word and the word itself . Yes |
| What is displacement ? Can animals do this , give an example | Talking about things that occur at a different place or time . Yes Honey bee waggle dance |
| What is cultural transmission ? Can animals do this ? | Language is learned through social interaction . Yes |
| What is prevarication ? Can animals do this | We can say things that are untrue or meaningless . Maybe |
| What is productivity ? Can animals do this | We have the ability to produce an infinite number of sentences . NOOOO |
| Do animals have language ? | NO |
| How do Hocket's Design Features help us define language and differentiate it from communication systems ? | Ill come back to this |
| How do linguists ethically study humans ? | They have to protect participants and their privacy , ensure that their data is anonymous , and help participants feel more comfort able about participating |
| What is informed consent ? | A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect . |
| Brittany is conducting an experiment about native languages . She goes to different Native American tribes , and tells them all about her experiment and if they would like to participate . After Brittany is done with her experiment , she posts her results on a website of many famous linguists that she would like to work with , and she hides her evidence in her kitchen cabinet . What could Brittany do better ? | A ) she could shred her results in a shredder B ) post her results on a private account with only people she knows C ) never post her results D ) both A & C |
| What makes a good experiment ? | Unbiased , controlled , repeated trials , and valid |
| What does it mean for something to be unbiased ? | The researchers opinions or feelings should not affect the out come . |
| What does it mean for something to be controlled ? H | Does not allow outside factors to affect the results |
| What does it mean for something to be valid ? 1 I | Actually tests the researcher's hypothesis |
| What does it mean for something to have repeated trials ? 1 | The more trials , the more accurate the results |
| What are conditions ? | Each way that the independent variable is changed |
| What is a dialect ? | When a group of speakers of a particular language speak signif icantly different from another group of speakers . |
| What is an idiolect ? | Speech is different from person to person |
| What is lexical change ? " | New words being created |
| What is sound change ? | Its when the PRONUNCIATION of a word changes example = cot -- > caught |
| What is grammar change ? | When the grammar is changed . Parts of speech change from one to the other - > DM noun- > verb |
| What is visual analysis ? | Something that allows the researcher visually indenting your pat terns and trends in their data |
| What is statistical analysis ? | Allows the researcher to test their hypothesis |
| What is statistical significance ? | The indicator of how confident we are that the results are not random |
| What languages are part of the indo - European language family | English , Spanish , Russian , Urdu , Persian , Greek , German , French , Latin , and hindi |
| What languages are part of the Sino - Tibetan language family ? | Mandarin , Cantonese , hu , Tibetan , and Burmese |
| What are some Romance languages ? | HE Italian , French , Spanish , Portuguese , and Romanian |
| What is the largest language family ? | Indo - European family |
| What did the language Indo - European evolve from ? | I 1 Proto - Indo - European |
| What was the steppe theory ? | 1 Porto - l do - Europeans were warriors called the Kurgans |
| What is the Anatolian Hypothesis ? | Porto - Indo Europeans were peaceful people who lived ~ 7000 BCE |
| What is the oldest Latin inscription ? | Duenos inscription |
| What did the vulgar dialects evolve into ? | The romance languages |
| What were the vulgar dialects influenced by ? | 11 The people that Rome had conquered |
| What languages influenced Spanish ? | 11 I H Arabic and some Germanic languages |
| What tribes were part of the Germanic language family ? I | H Saxons , anglos , Norse , franks , goths , vandals |
| Is English a Germanic language ? I | Yesss |
| What tribes / cultures influenced English specifically Old English | Old Norse and the Anglo saxons |
| How did English get so many Latin roots | The Norman invasion |
| What is the ancestor of sins- Tibetan I I | Proto - sino tibetan |
| Is Chinese one language ? I H | No |
| What is the lexicon ? 11 | || mental dictionary |
| What are some analogies of the lexicon ? | A filing cabinet , an encyclopedia , and a dictionary |
| What is a neologism ? | A new word / meaning |
| What are acronyms ? | Words that are formed out of particular letters or sounds from a phrase . Ex : NATO , NASA , LASER , SCUBA , etc. |
| Blends | Blending 2 or more other words together . Ex : spork , brunch , chillax |
| Borrowing | taking words from other languages Ex : deja vu , algebra , aloha |
| Clippings | The deletion of some part of a longer word to give a shorter word with the same meaning : e.g. , phone from telephone , fridge from refrigerator |
| Compounds | Combining 2 or more words without blending eg : photobomb , waterfall , butterfly |
| Conversions | Converting a word from one part of speech to another . Ex : laugh , DM |
| Eponym | a person whose name is , or is thought to be , the source of the name of something . Ex : joules , Washington |
| Coinages | Newly invented words . |
| What is the difference between abbreviations and acronyms | Abbreviations are said with the letters , acronyms are said as words |
| What does morphological mean ? | Possible word forms |
| What is the difference between a noun in English and a noun in linguistics | A noun in English is semantic while a noun in linguistics is syn tactic and morphological |
| What is the difference between articles in English vs linguistics | In English articles are a type of adjective , but in linguistics articles are not adjectives because they don't go in the same places as adjectives . |
| What is the difference between a root and a stem ? H | Roots can be broken down but stems can't |
| What is a morpheme ? " I | A part of a word |
| What is an affix | A part of a word that affixes onto another part of a word . Eg : suffix , prefix , infix , and circumfix |
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