4083919
| Question | Answer |
| Information Technology (IT) | - the technology involved in capturing and manipulating data - includes the hardware, software, peripherals, communications media and protocols of systems |
| Information Systems (IS) | - the united set of business systems designed to achieve a certain purpose. Comprised of IT as well as people, business processes and context. IS = IT + Organisation + People |
| The Organisational Learning Curve (Gibson & Nolan (1974)) 6 Stages of Growth | |
| The Hierarchy of Data (Ackoff (1981)) | |
| IT Investment Pyramid | |
| Value Creation from IS | * Managers must understand how information can be used for best interests of organisations * Managers must recognise how IS integrates across all org functions * Managers must recognise the rapid pace of tech change so that emerging opportunities are spotted early * Managers must have a balanced view of the business and IS to anticipate changes in competitive landscape and then to deploy IS resources appropriately to exploit new business opportunities |
| IS Risks ...if given inappropriate management attention, understanding, and/or support | * IS fails to support business goals * IS fails to support organisational systems * A misalignment between business and organisational strategy |
| Why Information Systems (IS) Matter | Capital Management (investment costs) Foundation of doing business (business survival) Productivity Level Strategic opportunity and advantage |
| Business Drivers of IS | 1. Operational Excellence 2. New products, services, and business models 3. Customer and supplier intimacy 4. Improved decision-making 5. Competitive Advantage 6. Survival |
| The Problem-Solving Approach 4 Step Model | |
| Problem-Solving Approach Integrated Framework for Describing & Analysing Information Systems (IS) | |
| Approaches to Systems Analysis | Traditional Approach Object-Oriented Approach |
| Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) [Traditional Approach] | |
| Data Flow Diagram (DFD) [Traditional Approach] | |
| Object-Oriented Approach | |
| Definition of "Connectivity" in relation to ERD | shows the connection between the entities |
| Definition of "Cardinality" in relation to ERD | shows how many instances of an entity relate to one instance of another entity |
| 5 Moral Dimensions for the Information Age | 1. Information Rights and Obligations 2. Property Rights and Obligations 3. Accountability and Control 4. System Quality 5. Quality of Life |
| Basic Concepts for Ethical Analysis | Responsibility Accountability Liability Due Process |
| Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) should achieve these 4 goals: | 1) aligning investment in IS with business goals 2) exploiting IT for competitive advantage 3) directing efficient and effective management of IS resources 4) developing technology policies and architectures |
| Trailing Edge Technologies | older than 5 years, still viable, older software requires older hardware to run, hardware is very expensive to maintain, older programs are harder to modify, older data structures are not easily turned into information, the software development backlog problem |
| Bleeding Edge Technologies | latest innovations (6 months to 2 years old), relatively expensive but has potential for great cost savings due to productivity improvement, high risk due to its instability, complex- not properly understood or applied, unavailability |
| Leading Edge Technologies | stable but new 1 - 5 years old, popular amongst major portion of the industry segment, cost effective, hence cannot lag behind, possesses low risk, availability of experts |
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