455776
Description
Flashcards by Shaima Amanda, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Shaima Amanda
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Drugs that can be used to treat heart failure | 1. Renin-angiotensin system blockers 2. B-blockers 3. Diuretics 4. Ionotropic agents 5. Direct vasodilators 6. Aldosterone antagonists |
| In cases of hypertension, you gotta reduce the volume overload by giving... | diuretics. It increases the water volume excreted through urine. |
| In cases of unstable angina, you gotta give... | beta-blockers. It reduces the heart rate and myocardial work. |
| In cases of myocardial infarction, you gotta give... | streptokinase. It converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin digests the fibrin and fibrinogen clots. |
| The force of contraction of the heart directly depends on... | the concentration of free cytosolic calcium. |
| Ionotropic agents increase the contractility of the heart by directly or indirectly altering... | the mechanisms that control the concentration of intracellular calcium. |
| Sources of free intracellular calcium: | 1. Opening of voltage gated calcium channels 2. Removal of sodium in exchange for calcium 3. Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria |
| Removal of free intracellular calcium: | 1. Sodium calcium exchange 2. Reabsorbed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochindria |
| Compensatory physiological responses to heart failure: | 1. Increased sympathetic activity 2. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system 3. Myocardial hypertrophy |
| Angiotensin II | 1. Potent vasoconstrictor; causes vasoconstriction 2. Stimulates adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone 3. Increase the sodium and water resorption |
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