5935889
Description
Flashcards by Fatima Meftah, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fatima Meftah
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Peritoneal cavity | is a potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum. It is divided into The lesser peritoneal sac The greater peritoneal sac. |
| A. LESSER PERITONEAL SAC (OMENTAL BURSA) definition and boundaries | A. LESSER PERITONEAL SAC (OMENTAL BURSA) is an irregular-shaped sac that communicates with the greater peritoneal sac via the omental (Winslow) foramen. The lesser peritoneal sac forms due to the 90-degree clockwise rotation of the stomach during embryologic development. The boundaries of the lesser peritoneal sac are: 1. Anterior: the liver, stomach, and lesser omentum 2. Posterior: the diaphragm 3. Right side: liver 4. Left side: gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments |
| B. GREATER PERITONEAL SAC definition, paracolic gutters and excess peritoneal fluid | Enter text here... |
| C. OMENTAL (WINSLOW) FORAMEN | C. OMENTAL (WINSLOW) FORAMEN is the opening (or connection) between the lesser peritoneal sac and greater peritoneal sac. If a surgeon places his or her finger in the omental foramen, the inferior vena cava (IVC) will lie posterior and the portal vein will lie anterior. |
| OMENTUM | A. Lesser omentum B. Greater omentum |
| A. LESSER OMENTUM | A. LESSER OMENTUM is a fold of peritoneum that extends from the porta hepatis of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach. It consists of the hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament. The portal triad lies in the free margin of the hepatoduodenal ligament and consists of the: 1. Portal vein lying posterior 2. Common bile duct lying anterior and to the right 3. Hepatic artery lying anterior and to the left |
| B. GREATER OMENTUM | B. GREATER OMENTUM is a fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach. It is known as the “abdominal policeman” because it adheres to areas of inflammation |
| Intraperitoneal & extraperitoneal viscera | Enter text here... |
| Clinical correlations | A. ascites B. inflammation of the parietal peritoneum C. peritonitis D. peritoneal adhesion |
| A. ASCITES | A. ASCITES is an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to peritonitis from congestion of the venous drainage of the abdomen. |
| B. INFLAMMATION OF THE PARIETAL PERITONEUM | B. INFLAMMATION OF THE PARIETAL PERITONEUM occurs when there is an en- larged visceral organ or by escape of fluid from a visceral organ and results in a sharp, localized pain over the inflamed area. Patients exhibit rebound tenderness and guard- ing over the site of inflammation. Rebound tenderness is pain that is elicited after the pressure of palpation over the inflamed area is removed. Guarding is the reflex spasms of the abdominal muscles in response to palpation over the inflamed area. |
| C. PERITONITIS | C. PERITONITIS is inflammation and infection of the peritoneum and commonly occurs due to a burst appendix, a penetrating abdominal wound, a perforated ulcer, or poor sterile technique during surgery. Peritonitis is treated by rinsing the peritoneal cavity with large amounts of sterile saline and administering antibiotics |
| D. PERITONEAL ADHESIONS | D. PERITONEAL ADHESIONS occur after abdominal surgery, whereby scar tissue forms and limits the normal movement of the viscera. This tethering may cause chronic pain or emergency complications such as volvulus (i.e., twisting of the intestines). |
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