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Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Definition Phoneme vs. Morpheme | Phoneme: smallest meaning-distinguishing unit -> changes the meaning, but does not carry meaning itself Morpheme: smallest meaningful unit -> carries its own meaning (eg. plural) |
| Morphology Dogs, Passed, Undo, Rewriting, House Analyse into meaningful units! | Dogs: Dog – s • Passed: Pass – ed • Undo: Un – do • Rewriting: Re – writ(e) – ing • House: House |
| We can distinguish between ____ and ____ words. | Polymorphemic and Monomorphemic |
| • Polymorphemic words | i.e. words with more than one morpheme (e.g. revisited) |
| • Monomorphemic words | i.e. words which consist of a single morpheme (e.g. cat) |
| Criteria for describing morphemes. | According to: 1) Autonomy 2) Function / meaning 3) Position |
| Autonomy | Can the morpheme stand alone as a word? Free morphemes: Yes Can appear on their own without any other morphemes attached to them e.g. ‘dog’, ‘house’, ‘fear’ Bound morphemes: No Can only appear in combination with other morphemes e.g. ‘-ful’ (beautiful), ‘re-’ (revisit), ‘-s’ (bottles) |
| Function/meaning | Is the morpheme 'lexical' or 'grammatical'? |
| Lexical morpheme | • If free morpheme: content words • If bound morpheme: derivational morpheme • Establish relation between the word and the world • Nouns, adjectives, verbs, negation... • Open classesnew words can be created quite easily |
| Grammatical morpheme | • If free morpheme: function words • If bound morpheme: inflectional morpheme • Establish relation with other parts of the sentence • Prepositions, articles, plural, tense... • Closed classesnew words cannot be created as easily or spontaneously |
| Open vs. Closed class | Open classes • Nouns • Verbs • Adjectives • Adverbs Closed classes • Articles • Prepositions • Subordinators / Coordinators • Pronouns • Auxiliary verbs |
| 3.) position | (bound morphemes only) Does it come at the beginning or the end of the word? Prefix: Beginning Must be a lexical morpheme e.g. ‘revisit’, ‘preview’, ‘underestimate’ Suffix: End Can be lexical or grammatical e.g. ‘worked’, ‘hours’, ‘owner’, ‘greatness’ |
| To summarise: Autonomy Function Position | Autonomy: Free (lexeme) or bound (affix) Function: Lexical (content/derivational) or grammatical (function/inflectional) Position (bound morphemes only): Prefix or suffix |
| ‘Unique’ morphemes | • Also known as ‘cranberry’ morphemes • A type of bound morpheme that cannot be assigned a meaning nor a grammatical function, but nonetheless serves to distinguish one word from the other • E.g. cranberry, cobweb, twilight • These morphemes no longer have a meaning of their own, but can be traced back (e.g. cob in cobweb comes from the Middle English coppe, meaning spider) |
| how is a free morpheme also called? how is a bound morpheme also called? | free morpheme: lexeme bound morpheme: affix |
| What do we ask ourselves when we want to determine if lexeme or affix? | Can the morpheme stand alone as a word in its own right? |
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