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Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is linguistics? | study of language |
| What is phonetics? | study of the human sound system |
| Allophones | Allophones of a phoneme are phones that 1.) do not distinguish meaning 2.) are phonetically similar (but not the same) |
| What is suprasegmental phonology? | • The combination of segments into larger units, such as syllables /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪks/ • Phonological properties of longer stretches of speech (intonation, stress, rhythm, tone...) |
| What are Syllables? | • A phonological unit above the phoneme • One could say: the smallest rhythmic unit of speech Not very specific... • Very difficult to define what a syllable actually is, even though pretty much all speakers of a language will have a feeling for it |
| What is morphology? | The study of the shape and internal structure of words. |
| Phonology | -The study of abstract categories that organise the sound system of a language -Function and (mental) organisation of the sound inventory -It is concerned with the function of specific sounds |
| What is a sign? | Combination of form and meaning |
| Criteria for describing morphemes. | According to: 1) Autonomy 2) Function / meaning 3) Position |
| morphs definitions | Morph: A meaningful and/or functionally relevant element of an utterance e.g. [z] in cats [kætz] |
| Allomorphs: | Morphs which have been classified as representations of a specific morpheme. e.g. [z], [s], [ɪz], [ɹən] etc for {plural} |
| Allomorphy conditioning What types of conditioning are there? (i.e. what determines which allomorph we produce?) | • Phonological conditioning – dependent on the neighbouring sounds • Lexical conditioning – dependent on the word itself as a whole • Morphological conditioning – dependent on the attached morphemes |
| 4 word formation processes | • Compounding • Affixation • Conversion • Shortenings |
| Shortenings What? 4 types | • Linguistic material is deleted as opposed to added • There is no change in word-class or meaning (exception: back-formation) 4 types: • Clippings • Blends • Abbreviations • Back-formation |
| • Criteria for describing consonants: | • Place of articulation • Manner of articulation • Voicing |
| Criteria for describing vowels: | • Height of tongue (closeness) • Position in mouth / part of tongue (frontness) • Position of lips (rounding) • Length |
| What is language typology? | The study and classification of language according to their structural and functional features. |
| What is a construction? | a stored pairing of form and meaning |
| What are constituents? | Structural units that can make up a larger unit --> building blocks of language |
| Cognitive Approach language as? focus of attention? | language as reflection of conceptualisation focus of attention: meaning |
| Syntactic form/class/category is defined by? | Morphological, Semantic, Syntactic criteria |
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