8594679
Description
Flashcards by Stefania Schoen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Stefania Schoen
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Consists of all the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population | Gene Pool |
| The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool, compared to the total number of alleles in that pool for the same gene | Allele Frequency |
| A trait controlled by only one gene; eg: shells with or without bands on snails | Single-Gene Trait |
| Trait controlled by two or more genes; eg: height | Polygenic Traits |
| When individuals at one end of the curve have higher frequencies than individuals in the middle or at the other end | Directional Selection |
| When individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end | Stabilizing Selection |
| When individuals at the outer ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve | Disruptive Selection |
| In small populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals leave, just by chance. Over time, a series of chance occurrences can cause an allele to become more or less common in a population. | Genetic Drift |
| A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population | Bottleneck Effect |
| Allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population | Founder Effect |
| When a population is not evolving and allele frequencies in its gene pool do not change | Genetic Equilibrium |
| Allele frequencies in a population should remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change | Hardy-Weinberg Principle |
| Individuals select mates based on heritable traits, such as size, strength, or coloration | Sexual Selection |
| Population or group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring | Species |
| Formation of a new species | Speciation |
| Two populations that no longer interbreed | Reproductive Isolation |
| Two populations that are capable of interbreeding develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors | Behavioral Isolation |
| When two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water | Geographic Isolation |
| When two or more species reproduce at different times | Temporal Isolation |
| Comparing stretches of DNA to mark the passage of evolutionary time | Molecular Clock |
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