Neurobiology and behaviour - the brain WJEC

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A level Biology (Component 3) Flashcards on Neurobiology and behaviour - the brain WJEC, created by Poppy Hardman on 20/05/2017.
Poppy Hardman
Flashcards by Poppy Hardman, updated more than 1 year ago
Poppy Hardman
Created by Poppy Hardman over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
The Brain weighs 1300-1400g 100 billion neurones protected by skull/cranuim + membranes called meninges (inflammation of meninges called meningitis)
Ventricles of the Brain contains 4 ventricles - filled with cerebro spinal fluid which supplies glucose & oxygen, protects against shocks + mechanical injury maintains contract pressure in and around the brain
Regions of the Brain forebrain - hypothalamus, thalamus & cerebrum midbrain - contains nerve fibres that link the forebrain to the hindbrain hindbrain - contains medulla oblongata + cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata controls breathing, heart rate & blood pressure contains centres of the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus receives info about body from nerve impulses from many parts of the brain intergrates the infomation then brings about responses through autonomic nervous system or from secretions of pituitary gland acts as coordinating centre functions - regulates body temp, solute conc, thirst hunger and sleep helps control secretion of hormones from endocrine glands, directly connected to the pituitary gland
Thalamus important relay centre, sending and recieving info to and from the cerebral cortex correlates seveerl precesses incl consciousness, sleep and sensory interpretation
Hippocampus learning, reasoning & personality limbic system structure - important in forming new memories one on left one on right hemishere of the brain
Cerebellum maintenance of posture + coordination of voluntary muscular activity also involved in learning of tasks which require carefully coordinated movements largest division of the brain - largest division of the brain, divided by buncle of nerves called corpus callosum
Cerebral Cortex functions - thinking, language, emotions, personality, planning, memory
Frontal memory formation, emotions, decision making/reasoning, personality
Temporal hearing, organisation/comprehension of language, information retrival
Occipital processing, intergration, interpretation of visual stimuli
Parietal sences + sensations, spacial awareness + perceptions
Human Nervous System Nervous System -CNS Brain & Spinal cord & Periheral Nerous System Somatic & Autonomic
Autonomic Nervous System includes all the motor neurones that take information to the internal organs controls - activity of the smooth muscle in the body rate of breathing in the in the cardiac muscle sympathetic - fight or flight parasympathetic -rest and digest
Sympatheitc axons of motor neurones pass to all organs within the body neurotransmitter released is noradrenaline increase in - heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, dilation of pupil of the eye
Parasympathetic nerve pathways involved all begin in brain, top of spinal cord, bottom of spinal cord acetylchocine released decreases heart + breathing rate control of the heart: cardiac muscle are myogenic. SAN generates an action potential which travels through the AVN and purkyge fibres cardiovascualr system in the medulla oblongata effect freq of contractions action potentials sent along accelerator nerve increase heart rate
Medulla Oblongata controls heart rate sympathetic is linked to the sino atrial node - increases heart rate Parasympathetic - decreases heart rate
Cerebral cortex divided into 3 areas according to function 1 - snesory areas - receive sensory info from receptors in the body 2 - association areas - process + interpret information 3 - motor areas - initiate responses
Sensory Areas recieve impulses from different sense organs 2 hemisphreres recieve info from different sides of the body, left hemsphere from right primary sensory areas recieve impulses first
Assiciation Areas recieve impulses from the primary sensory area memory, reasoning, judgement, emotions & verbilisation
Motor Areas generate nerve impulses which are carried via motor neurones to effectors (muscle) on other side of the body
Broca's Area prodcution of articulate speech (clear and fluent) involved in analysing the grammatical structure of sentances, helps to extract meaning from sentances motor neurones from Broca's area stimulates the muscles of the mouth, larynx + intercostal muscles & diaphram to produce sounds injury to area means you might know what words you are trying to say but dont come out - expressive aphasia
Wernicke's Area involved in the interpretation of written & spoken language vital for locating appropriate words from memory to understand someone called receptive aphasia
MOtor Homunclus if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of brain concerned with its movement
Sensory Homunclus if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of brain concerned with sensory perception
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