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Values & culture
- Both expressed through
mission statement
- Defining values part of first
step of strategy formulation
- Define vision, mission & values
- Define vision, mission & values
- Culture = values, beliefs, customs &
practices within an organisation
- how things are done
round here
- develops as people
work together
- passed on to new
employees
- may be multiple cultures
in an organisation
- how things are done
round here
- Schein's theory of
organisational culture (1992)
- 3 levels
- artefacts
- surface level of the org
- easily seen & felt
- eg clothing, rituals &
ceremonies
- surface level of the org
- beliefs & values
- next level
- mission & strategy
- conscious goals
- criteria for measuring results
- next level
- basic underlying
assumptions
- deeply embedded &
unconscious
- deeply embedded &
unconscious
- artefacts
- have to consider all 3
when analysing culture
- Leaders have to understand the culture
to lead effectively & manage change
- Leaders have to understand the culture
to lead effectively & manage change
- 3 levels
- What makes a
culture successful?
- Structure & management
- Vision & mission
- Staff
- Structure & management
- Handy's 4 cultural types
- Power
- work driven by
central authority
- requires buy-in of people
down key channels
- work driven by
central authority
- Role culture
- tasks initiated
from top down
- also down each leg
- follows agreed
structures & protocols
- follows agreed
structures & protocols
- tasks initiated
from top down
- Task
- power flows in all directions
- project or customer-focused
objectives
- project or customer-focused
objectives
- to achieve objectives have to take
key decison-makers with you
- power flows in all directions
- Person
- Individuals very important
- have to take everyone with you
- eg GP partnerships
- have to take everyone with you
- Individuals very important
- Power
- 4 Types (Quinn et al) -
management models
- Open systems
- external environment vital source of
ideas, energy & resources
- complex & turbulent
- requires vision & leadership
- eg start-ups
- external environment vital source of
ideas, energy & resources
- Rational goal
- efficiency seeking
- leaders are directive, function &
goal-orientated
- eg large businesses
- efficiency seeking
- Internal process
- Avoid external world
- goals are known,
tasks repetitive
- eg public sector
- Avoid external world
- Human relations
- value informal,
interpersonal relations
- developing people
- eg professional
services firms
- value informal,
interpersonal relations
- Open systems
- Values = underlying
principles that guide org
- eg trust, collaboration,
honesty, equality
- eg trust, collaboration,
honesty, equality
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