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3.1.5.2 DNA Replication
Description
A level Biology (Topic 1 (3.1)) Mind Map on 3.1.5.2 DNA Replication, created by Charlotte Willis on 10/04/2018.
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3.1.5.2
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Charlotte Willis
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Charlotte Willis
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Resource summary
3.1.5.2 DNA Replication
Genome
Collective of all the DNA in a cell
PROK
Loop of naked DNA and plasimids
EUK
Nucleus, Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (plants)
Cell replication
Binary fission
Mitosis
Mitosis
S Phase
Replication of DNA
G2
replication of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria DNA
G1
Interphase
Everything BUT Mitosis
DNA
23 Pairs of chromosomes
If DNA was a language
Genes would be paragraphs
Chromosomes would be books
Process of DNA Replication
1) Unwinding DNA
Gyrase
2) Unzipping DNA
DNA Helicase
3) Synthesis new strand
DNA Polymerase
1.Free activated nucleotides align + H-bond to complementary base
2. DNA Polymerase catalyses the addition of bases in the 5'-3' direction
Bases are added to the 3' end of the new strand
3. Condensation of activated nucleotides joining the nucleotides together by phosphodiester bonds
4. Joining of fragments of lagging strand by ligase enzyme
Activated nucleotides?!
Nucleotide w/ 3 phosphate groups attached
Hydrolysis of 2 phosphate groups provide energy for the bond between nucleotides
Energy ∴ provide energy for DNA synthesis
ATP, CTP, GTP, TTP
DNA replication = active process
Semi-conservative replication
Conserve half and the molecules and the other half is new
PROK
Form a bubble w/the daughter strands in it
Mutations
1 in10⁸ bases
doesn't necessarily harmful
Meselsohn + Stahl had 3 facts to prove semi-conservative replication
1) All bases in DNA contain nitrogen
2) ¹⁴N isotope is lighter than ¹⁵N isotope
3) Bacteria must incorporate N from their growing medium into any new DNA
Experiment
(1) Firstly they grew bacteria in ¹⁵N
(2) Extract a sample of the DNA (control)
(3) Extract bacteria
(4) Put in ¹⁴N medium
(5) remove sample after 1st round of replication
(6) 2nd sample removed after 2nd round of replication
(7) Take 3rd sample after 3rd replication
2.1 Extract the DNA
2.2 Suspend in CSCl
Allows DNA to float @ different depths depending on its density
2.3 Centrifuge
Allow different layers to separate
Media attachments
Cell Cycle (binary/octet-stream)
Prokaryote Dna Replication (binary/octet-stream)
Semiconservative Model (binary/octet-stream)
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