Validity

Annotations:

• are you  measuring what you are supposed to be measuring if any extraneous variables you cannot be 100% sure and cannot infer cause and effect

1. ecological validity
   1. strengths of low eco val research
      1. high control

         Annotations:

         • manipulate and isolate the IV to measure the effect on the DV = infer cause and effect
         1. example

            Annotations:

            • loftus and palmer changing the verb in the sentance manipulates the iv and allows to see the cause of the different speed estimations
      2. more reliable

         Annotations:

         • standardised procedure making it easy to replicate 
         1. example

            Annotations:

            • bruce conducted an experiment into recognising faces had standadised images and composite images and had to match composties to original = repeated in the same way
      3. high scientific equipment used

         Annotations:

         • this is not something we come across every day = objective measurments to be made can collect quantitaive data allowing easy comparisons. 
         1. example

            Annotations:

            • dement and kleitman when conducting a study on dreaming attatched elctrode to scalp and eye lids, this is not how people normally sleep but gives us indepth information that wouldn't be accsessiable without 
   2. weaknesses low of eco val research
      1. reductionist

         Annotations:

         • as the situation is very controlled it simplifies complex behavouir by isolating the IV does not look for a combo of factors 
      2. generalisability

         Annotations:

         • harder to generalise the results as often effected by social desirability and demand characterisitcs due to high levels of control
         1. example

            Annotations:

            • dement and kleitman and dreaming - not being allowed caffine and nicotine and being woken up during the night = not generalised to a normal nights sleep
      3. lack of qual data

         Annotations:

         • as scientfic methods collect objective quantitaive data and this lacks reason and insight 
2. internal

   Annotations:

   • does the study measure what its supposed to within the study itself
3. external

   Annotations:

   • does the study measure what it claims to outside the study
4. concurrent

   Annotations:

   • comparing the measure with an already existing established measure of the same variable to check for concurrent validity 
5. face

   Annotations:

   • are you measuring what you say you want to measure
6. population

   Annotations:

   • the extent to which the results of a study can be generalised to the target population
7. strengths
   1. highly reliable
   2. controlled
   3. useful
   4. generalisable
8. weaknesses
   1. ethics