Atoms And Molecules

Atoms And Molecules

1. Subatomic Particles

   • Electrons
     • Negitive Charge
   • Neutrons
     • Neutral Charge(No Charge)
   • Protons
     • Postive Charge

2. Ionic and Covalent Bonds

   • Ionic Bond
     • Attraction Between Anions and Cations(lone valence electron is transfered to a different atom)
       • Anions
         • Net negative Charge
       • Cations
         • Net Positive Charge
       • Example: An uncharged Sodium atom pairs up and gives a valence electron to a charged Chloride Atom to create NaCl
   • Covalent Bond
     • Sharing of Valence Electrons
       • Single Bond: Sharing of one pair of valence electrons
       • Double Bond: Sharing of two pairs of Valence electrons

3. Molecules

   • Molecule: Combination of 1 or more atoms to form a bond
     • H + H=H2
   • Compound: Combination of more than 1 element
     • Ex: Sodium plus Chloride=NaCl

4. Ions

   • an atom or molecule with a net electric charge ready to gain or lose one or more valence electrons

5. Anabolism and Catabolism

   • Anabolism: a process which requires energy and produces complex molecules from simpler ones
   • Catabolism is the breaking down of things - a series of degradative chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into smaller units, and in most cases releasing energy in the process.