15729581
Description
Mind Map by Heba Bassel, updated more than 1 year ago
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Ahmed has tremors
- Anatomy of the basal ganglia
- Anatomical
distribution
- Claustrum
- Lentiform
- Caudate
- Amygdala
- Amygdala
- Caudate
- Lentiform
- Claustrum
- Functional
distribution
- Claustrum
- Lentiform
- Subthalamic
- Substantia
Nigra
- Substantia
Nigra
- Subthalamic
- Lentiform
- Claustrum
- Anatomical
distribution
- Physiology of basal ganglia
- Direct
- Indirect
- Direct
- Tremors
- Tremor is defined as a rhythmic,
involuntary, oscillating movement of a
body part occurring in isolation or as
part of a clinical syndrome
- Causes
- Neurological
- Stroke
- TBI
- Multiple sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- TBI
- Stroke
- Others
- Alcohol abuse
- Mercury poisoning
- Mercury poisoning
- Alcohol abuse
- Treatment
- Levodopa/Carbidopa
- COMT inhibitors
- Antiviral agents
- MAO B inhibitors
- Selegilline
Rasagelline
- Dopamine
Agonists
- Pramipexole
- Pramipexole
- Selegilline
Rasagelline
- Amantidine
- MAO B inhibitors
- Entacapone
Tolcapone
- Antiviral agents
- COMT inhibitors
- Levodopa/Carbidopa
- Neurological
- Types
- Causes
- Tremor is defined as a rhythmic,
involuntary, oscillating movement of a
body part occurring in isolation or as
part of a clinical syndrome
- Parkinson's disease
- Causes
- Dopamine loss in
the substantial
nigra substance
- Genetic or
environmental
- Falls and
aspiration
pneumonia
are the main
cause of
death
- Falls and
aspiration
pneumonia
are the main
cause of
death
- Genetic or
environmental
- Dopamine loss in
the substantial
nigra substance
- Signs and
symptoms
- Stages
- Stage one
- During this initial stage, the person has mild symptoms that
generally do not interfere with daily activities. Tremor and other
movement symptoms occur on one side of the body only.
Changes in posture, walking and facial expressions occur.
- Stage two
- Symptoms start getting worse. Tremor, rigidity
and other movement symptoms affect both
sides of the body. Walking problems and poor
posture may be apparent. The person is still
able to live alone, but daily tasks are more
difficult and lengthy.
- Stage 3
- Considered mid-stage, loss of balance and slowness of
movements are hallmarks. Falls are more common. The
person is still fully independent, but symptoms
significantly impair activities such as dressing and eating.
- Stage 4
- At this point, symptoms are severe and
limiting. It’s possible to stand without
assistance, but movement may require a
walker. The person needs help with activities
of daily living and is unable to live alone. Stage
Five
- At this point, symptoms are severe and
limiting. It’s possible to stand without
assistance, but movement may require a
walker. The person needs help with activities
of daily living and is unable to live alone. Stage
Five
- Stage 4
- Considered mid-stage, loss of balance and slowness of
movements are hallmarks. Falls are more common. The
person is still fully independent, but symptoms
significantly impair activities such as dressing and eating.
- Stage 3
- Symptoms start getting worse. Tremor, rigidity
and other movement symptoms affect both
sides of the body. Walking problems and poor
posture may be apparent. The person is still
able to live alone, but daily tasks are more
difficult and lengthy.
- Stage two
- During this initial stage, the person has mild symptoms that
generally do not interfere with daily activities. Tremor and other
movement symptoms occur on one side of the body only.
Changes in posture, walking and facial expressions occur.
- Stage one
- Stages
- Pathology
- PALLOR of the
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
- LEWY BODIES
(alpha-synuclein
protein)
- α-synuclein, a protein involved
in synaptic transmission.
- α-synuclein, a protein involved
in synaptic transmission.
- LEWY BODIES
(alpha-synuclein
protein)
- PALLOR of the
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
- Causes
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