Brain tumors

it may affect
1. the eye
  1. Muscles of the eye
  2. Visual Pathway
  3. Visual Defects
    1. scotoma
    2. homonymous hemianopia
    3. Monocular blindness
    4. Bitemporal hemianopia
    5. Nasal hemianopia
It causes
1. headache
  1. otherCauses
    1. infections
    2. eye problems
    3. medications
    4. stress
    5. meningitis
    6. poor posture
    7. muscular tension
  2. Types
    1. Tension headache
    2. Sinus headache
    3. Migraines
    4. Exertional Headaches
    5. Cluster headache
    6. Trigeminal Neuralgia
    7. Hemicrania continua
2. Diplopia
  1. types
    1. Monocular
    2. Binocular
  2. causes
    1. astigmatism
    2. Dry eye
    3. cataract
    4. cranial nerve palsy
    5. strabismus (crossed eyes)
Glioblastoma Multiforme
1. most common and most malignant of the glial tumors
2. Sign & symptoms
  1. Headache
  2. increased intracranial pressure
  3. Slowly progressive neurologic deficit
3. Diagnosis
  1. CT
  2. PET scan
  3. Amplification of EGFR
  4. Mutations of p16, p53 and PTEN
  5. loss of heterozygosity at 10q
4. gross features
types
1. gliomas
  1. Astrocytomas
    1. diffuse
      1. poorly defined, gray, infiltrative tumors that expand and distort the invaded brain without forming a discrete mass.
    2. pilocytic
      1. GFAP+
        is cystic, with a mural nodule in the wall of the cyst; if solid, it is usually well circumscribed.
  2. Ependymoma
    1. Myxopapillary
    2. Papillary
    3. SubEpendymoma
    4. Anplastic
  3. Oligodendrogliomas
2. Medulloblastoma
3. Meningioma
4. Schwannoma
5. metastasis
Eye examination
1. Visual acuity
2. Light Reflex
3. Accommodation Reflex
Management
1. Chemotherapy
  1. Surgery
    1. Radiation Therapy

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Brain tumors

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	Created by eslam ebrahim about 6 years ago