17861682
Description
Mind Map by Alice Dolman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alice Dolman
over 5 years ago
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Define the term “stress breaker”
andwith the aid of simple diagrams
givean example of a Type 1 and
2stressbreaker. Highlight
instanceswhen “stress breakers”
would beindicated and describe why
- Definition: Stress breakers can be designed in RPD’s by using connectors fitting between the
retention unit and denture base. It is designed to relieve abutting teeth from excessive stress during
chewing.
- Stress breakers benefits:
- • Horizontal forces transferred to teeth are minimised.
- • There is a balance of force between the teeth of the alveolar ridge.
- • The intermittent pressure results in a massaging effect to the alveolar ridge.
- • Re-lining is unnecessary and is claimed to save the abutment tooth.
- • Splinting of mobile teeth is still possible.
- • Horizontal forces transferred to teeth are minimised.
- Stress breakers benefits:
- Stress breakers come under two categories:
- - Type 1 stress breaker- utilizes a hinge or movable joint between the direct
retainer and the denture base,
- This joint may be in the form of hinges, ball and socket devices or sleeves and cylinders. Hinged type
stress breakers allows vertical and hinge movement of the base. The hinge is usually rigid. The soft
tissue absorbs a minimum of the load adjacent to the hinge, and a maximum of load toward the
distal of the ridge. The base aloows movement in a vertical plane only. The movement may be
unrestricted, or it may be controlled by a stop arrangement built into the device. This serves to
prevent some direct transmission of the tipping forces to the abutment teeth as the base moves
toward the tissue under function. The hinge type of device spares the tooth from all stresses that
results from vertical movement of the base.
- This joint may be in the form of hinges, ball and socket devices or sleeves and cylinders. Hinged type
stress breakers allows vertical and hinge movement of the base. The hinge is usually rigid. The soft
tissue absorbs a minimum of the load adjacent to the hinge, and a maximum of load toward the
distal of the ridge. The base aloows movement in a vertical plane only. The movement may be
unrestricted, or it may be controlled by a stop arrangement built into the device. This serves to
prevent some direct transmission of the tipping forces to the abutment teeth as the base moves
toward the tissue under function. The hinge type of device spares the tooth from all stresses that
results from vertical movement of the base.
- - Type 2 stress breaker- utilizes a flexible connection between the direct retainer and the denture
base.
- This design allows movement of the distal extension base. Also included in this category are those
using a movable joint between two major connectors. The earliest of such connectors were double
lingual bars of wrought metal, one supporting the clasp and the other components and the other
supporting and connecting the distal extension bases
- a. Split major connectors-A lower RPD framework with partial division of a
lingual plate to achieve stress breaking action. (split is provided between
the denture base area and major connector) when occlusal forces are
applied they’re transferred more towards the tissue supported base and
then they are transmitted to the abutment teeth.
- b. Wrought wire connectors soldered to the main major connector
- c. Clasps having a stress breaking effect
- d. Hidden lock partial dentures- two piece casting, the top half is cast with major connector
supporting the direct retainers and then the bottom half (the connector between denture base) is
cast to the major connector. The split between the two connectors is made by a thin oxide shell. The
bottom half (connector) is two bars connected by the midline.
- e. Disjunct partial dentures- tooth borne and mucosa borne parts
of denture are disjoined. Provides independent movement between
the tooth supported and tissue supported parts decreases the forces
on periodontally weakened remaining teeth.
- This design allows movement of the distal extension base. Also included in this category are those
using a movable joint between two major connectors. The earliest of such connectors were double
lingual bars of wrought metal, one supporting the clasp and the other components and the other
supporting and connecting the distal extension bases
- - Type 1 stress breaker- utilizes a hinge or movable joint between the direct
retainer and the denture base,
- Indications
- internal attachments are used to retain a distal-extension base
- If there are distal extensions in the RPD. The longer the saddle the more torqueing force and rotation
may occur, these forces will increase the stress applied to the abutment teeth.
- If the patient has well formed residual ridges and weak abutment teeth. This is because
the forces applied to the abutment teeth must be minimal in order to maintain the remaining health
of the teeth. Too much force and the abutment teeth may be damaged. As the ridges are still healthy
the stressbreaker is able to minimize the forces applied to the abutment teeth and direct it down
into the tissues. If the ridges had resorbed the tissues would be left more compressible resulting in
more stress acting on the abutment teeth.
- internal attachments are used to retain a distal-extension base
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