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Types of Rock
Description
Rocks and Scenery - Types of Rock notes
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rocks and scenery
types of rock
gcse geography
geography
rocks and scenery
gcse
Mind Map by
rebeccachelsea
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
rebeccachelsea
almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Types of Rock
Metamorphic
The new rocks are harder and more compact (e.g. Limestone → Marble, Clay → Slate).
Magma heats the rock in the crust.
Tectonic plates collide and the build up of heat and pressure causes rock to change.
Pressure from weight of material above changes rocks deep in the Earth.
Sedimentary
Layers of sediment compacted together (called lithification)
Clays/ Shales
Formed from eroded mud and clay.
Older rocks are deposited in layers and compacted.
Carboniferous Limestone/ Chalk
Formed from Calcium Carbonate.
Shells and dead sea creature skeletons deposited on sea bed and compacted over time.
Soft so may break apart or crumble easily
Usually the only type to contain fossils
Igneous
Intrusive
e.g. Granite
Below Earth's surface.
Large domes of cooled magma from large domes of igneous rock called bathothiths.
Cools slowly.
Large crystals and coarse texture.
Magma flows into gaps in surrounding rock and forms dykes (vertical gaps) and sills (horizontal gaps).
Extrusive
e.g. Basalt
After erupted from volcano onto Earth's surface.
Cools quickly.
Small crystals and fine texture.
Magma cools and hardens.
Geological Time Scale
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