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4172663
EARTHQUAKES-AQA
Description
EARTHQUAKES ALEVEL
No tags specified
geography
alevel
aqa
Mind Map by
las1365
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
las1365
about 9 years ago
10
1
0
Resource summary
EARTHQUAKES-AQA
MEASURING
RICHTER SCALE
EACH VALUE ON THE SCALE ALSO REPRESENTS ABOYT 30 TIMES MORE ENERGY RELEASED THAN THE PREVIOUS ONE
DOESNT HAVE A UPPER LIMIT AND ITS LOGARITHMIC
MEASURES MAGNITUDE
MERCALLI SCALE
THE SCALE IS BETWEEN 1-12
MEASURED USING OBSERVATIONS
MEASURES IMPACT OF AN EARTHQUAKE
SEISMIC WAVES
SURFACE WAVES
LOVE WAVES
TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS ONLY
MOVE THE SURFACE SIDE TO SIDE
THESE WAVES ALSO CAUSE A LOT OF DAMAGE
BY THE SHEARING EFFECT
RAYLEIGH
CAN TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
MOVE THE SURFACE IN A ROLLING MOTION
S WAVES
TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS
MOVE AT 90 DEGREES TO THE DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
CAUSE A LOT OF DAMAGE BECAUSE OF THEIR SHEARING EFFECT
P WAVES
TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
WAVES PUSH AND PULL THE EARTH IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS THE WAVE IS TRAVELLING
TRAVEL FASTER THAN OTHER SEISMIC WAVES
EATHQUAKES ARE CAUSED BY THE TENSION THAT BUILDS UP AT ALL THREE PLATE MARGINS
WHEN THE PLATE JERK PAST EACH OTHER IT SENDS OUT SEISMIC WAVES
SPREAD OUT FROM THE FOCUS
DOESNT HAVE TO BE SINGLE POINT COULD BE A FAULT LINE
THE EPICENTRE IS TH EPOINT ON THE EARTHSURFACE WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE IS FIRST FELT
OTHER POSSIBE CAUSES OF AN EARTHQUAKE
REACTIVATION OF OLD FAULT LINE
SUBSIDENCE- WHERE THE GROUND SINKS AS A RESULT OF MINING
PRESSURE ON SURFACE ROCKS FROM WATER IN LARGE RESERVOIRS
SHALLOW FOCUS (0-70KM) CAUSE THE GREATEST DAMAGE
ACCOUNT FOR 75% OF ALL EARTHQUAKE ENERGY
INDERMEDIATE 70-300KM
FOCUS
DEEP 300-700KM
EFFECTS
TSUNAMI
ENORMOUS SEA WAVES GENERATED BY DISTURBANCES ON THE SEA FLOOR
MOST OFTEN TRIGGERED BY EARTHQUAKES AND SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES
MARCH 2011 JAPAN
LIQUEFACTION
WHEN VIOLENTLY SHAKEN SOILS WITH A HIGH WATER CONTENT LOSE THEIR MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND START TO BEHAVE LIKE A FLUID
SAN FRANCISCO
LANDSLIDES AND AVALANCHES
WHERE SLOPE FAILURE OCCURS AS A RESULT OF GROUND SHAKING
PREDICTION
SEISMOMETER
RECIEVES ARE RECORDS SHOCK WAVES FROM THE EPICENTRE
SATELLITE SURVEYING
SENSING PLATE MOVEMENT AND MINUTE CHANGES IN THE SURFACE
LASER REFLECTION
SURVEYING MOVEMENT ACROSS FAULT LINES
RADON GAS METER
INHERT GAS RADON IS RELEASED FROM MINERALS WHEN THEY ARE CRACKED AS PRESSURE INCREASES DURING THE BUILD UP
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