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45673
Memory
Description
Psychology Mind Map on Memory, created by amymrkl1 on 14/04/2013.
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psychology
psychology
Mind Map by
amymrkl1
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
amymrkl1
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Memory
STM
Capacity- 7+/-2 items
Miller (1956) was the first to identify the limit of the STM with the claming of 7+/- 2 items
Miller found out that people can cope reasonably well with counting 7 dots flashed onto a screen but not many more than this
Also found out that people can recall 5 words as well as they can recall 5 letters- we chunk things to remember.
We can remember more small chunks for example in 1 syllable words rather than larger chunks. Simon, 1974
Cowan, 2001 the STM is generally limited to 4 chunks
Encoding- Acoustic
Alan Baddeley, 1966, demonstrated the different ways that STM and LTM are encoded by giving participants various word lists to memorise
one list the words all sounded the same accoustically simular, in another list the same thing sementicallysimilar
List A- accoustically simular- cat, cab, can, cad, mad, max, mat, man, map
List B- Acoustically Dissimilar- pit, few, cow, pen, sup, bar, day, hot, rig, bun
List C- Semantically similar- great, large, big, huge, broad, long, tall, fat,wide, high
List D- Semantically Dissimilar- good,huge, hot, safe, thin, deep, strong, foul, old, late
When participants were asked to recall the words they were shown all the words and had to decide on the correct order
if they were asked to do this immediately (STM recall) they didn't do well with acoustically similar words,
which suggest that words are stored in acoustic form in STM
LTM
Capacity- unlimited
Encoding- Semantic
Duration- A Lifetime
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