Models of Memory Overview

Stages of Memory
1. Input
  1. Information enters the memory process using all 5 senses
2. Encoding
  1. The way information is represented in the memory store. E.G. by sound, meaning or image
3. Storage
  1. Holding information in memory until it is needed
4. Retrieval
  1. Locating information in memory ad recovering it from/getting it out when needed
5. Output
  1. Memories
Multi-store Model of Memory
2. Sensory Memory
  1. Encoding
    1. Multi-modle (through senses)
  2. Capacity
    1. Very large
  3. Duration
    1. Mili-seconds
3. Short-term Memory
  1. Encoding
    1. Acoustic
  2. Capacity
    1. 7 (+- 2 items)
  3. Duration
    1. 18-20 seconds
4. Long-term Memory
  1. Encoding
    1. Semantic
  2. Capacity
    1. Unlimited
  3. Duration
    1. Lifetime
Evaluation of the Multi-store Model of Memory
1. Positives
  1. Serial Position Effect
    1. Technique used to investigate STM and LTM. Participants study long lists of words and are asked to recall as many as possible in any order
    2. Researchers found that words at the end of the list are recalled because they are circulating in the STM
    3. Researchers found that words at the start of the list had been rehearsed so it had passed into the LTM
    4. Researchers found that words in the middle of the list didn't have enough time to be rehearsed and so decayed
  2. Case Studies - KF
    1. KF was involved in a motorcycle accident that caused brain damage
    2. He was left unable to process new STM's, however he could retrieve his LTM's
    3. This supports the MSM as it shows there is different parts to memory
2. Negatives
  1. The model is over-simplified and fails to take into account the complexity of human memory and the brain
  2. The MSM fails to take into account the enjoyment of a task and how that effects memory
    1. If you enjoy the task you will remember something quicker and more of it
  3. Rehearsal is the only way to remember information according to the MSM
    1. Something traumatic however can create an emotional memroy leaving an imprint on the brain
Working Memory Model
2. Central Executive
  1. Directs attention to particular tasks
  2. It controls the other systems (slaves) by determining how resources will be allocated
  3. Drives the system
3. Episodic Buffer
  1. A general store that was added later to the model to account for things that use both visual and acoustic information at the same time
    1. E.G. When watching the television
  2. It integrates information from the central executive, phonological loop, and the visuo-spatial sketchpad
4. Visuo-spatial Sketchpad
  1. Process visual and spatial information
  2. Holds visual information for a very short time
  3. E.G. Used when planning a spatial task
5. Phonological Loop
  1. Controls auditory information

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Models of Memory Overview

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	Created by Jack Burdett about 8 years ago