Congestive heart Failure

Risk factors
1. Hypertension
2. Myocardial infarction
3. Coronary heart disease
4. Age & Gender
5. Ethnicty & Family history
6. Diabetes & Obesity
Classification
1. High & low output
2. Systolic & Diastolic
3. Acute and chronic
Compensatory Mechanisms
Great Vessels of the heart
Diagnosis
1. Physical Examination
2. History
Investigations
1. Echo
2. Chest X-ray
3. Blood test
4. ECG
5. Cardiac Catheterization
Pathophysiology
1. Left sided heart failue
  1. Causes
    1. Ischemia
    2. Hypertension
    3. MI
  2. effect
    1. Backward
      1. Pulmonary Congestion
        Coughing/ Dyspnea / Orthopnea / PND / Plumonary Edema / Crackles
    2. Forward
      1. decreased CO
        Hypoperfusion of organs : Chest pain / syncope
2. Right sided Heart Failure
  1. Causes
    1. Left sided HF
    2. Left to right shunts
    3. Chronic lung disease
  2. Effects
    1. Juglar Vein distention / Hepatosplenomegaly / liver cirrhosis / Pitting Edema
Management
1. non-Pharmacological
  1. Monitoring
    1. Sodium Intake
    2. Fluid Intake
  2. Excercise
2. Pharmacological
  1. Increase function of the heart
    1. Adrenergics
    2. Inotropics
    3. B-adrenergic blockers
  2. Decrease load on the heart
    1. Diuretics
    2. ACE-I
    3. ARBs
    4. Vasodilators
    5. Aldosterone Antagonist

Resource summary

	Created by mohammed alshura about 8 years ago