TEA

Description

Mind Map on TEA, created by nur.azrina92 on 10/05/2014.
nur.azrina92
Mind Map by nur.azrina92, updated more than 1 year ago
nur.azrina92
Created by nur.azrina92 almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

TEA
  1. INTRODUCTION
    1. History
      1. Began in ancient China over 5000 years ago using dried leaves and boiling water turns the water into brown liquid form
      2. Tea Culture
        1. In JAPAN, the first tea seeds were brought to Japan by the returning Buddhist priest Yeisei.
          1. Spread throughout the Chinese culture- in 800 A.D.Lu Yu wrote the first definitive book on tea, The Ch'a Ching
            1. In Europe- the Portuguese Jesuit Father Jasper de Cruz(1560) personally encounter tea and write about it
              1. England- Afternoon tea concept was introduced
              2. Types of Tea
                1. Black Tea
                  1. Green Tea
                    1. Oolong Tea
                      1. China White Tea
                        1. Herbal Tea
                        2. Tea Composition
                          1. - Essential oil, Caffiene,Polyphenol
                          2. World Production
                            1. Top producer- India, China, Sri Lanka and Kenya. Black tea represent 80% of world production
                            2. Tea Plantation in Malaysia
                              1. Boh Plantation Sdn Bhd was establish on 23 April 1929 owns 4 garden teas which are Boh, Sungai Palas, Fairlie and Bukit Cheeding. Constitutes around 70% in Malaysia
                            3. BOTANY, MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY
                              1. Botany
                                1. Family- Theaceae, Genus- Camellia, Species- sinensis
                                2. Major Strain
                                  1. Camellia sinensis
                                    1. Camellia assamica
                                    2. Tea Plant
                                      1. Leaves of the tea plant provide the tea of commerce. Terminal shoots with 2 or 3 leaves are collected every week. Green tea- heated immediately to stop any fermentation. Black tea- rolled and fermented for several hours before being oven and dried.
                                      2. Tea Flowers
                                        1. Cultural practices- prefers acid soil rich in organic matter
                                          1. Flowers- 4cm wide fragrant flowers and they are self-sterile, pollinated by insects.
                                          2. Tea life span
                                            1. Produce good tea for 50-70 years but after 50 years yield will reduce
                                            2. Maturity and Harvest
                                              1. Matures in 3-5 years and produce flush. Each shoot consists of few leaves and a bud
                                                1. At low altitude the growth is so rapid and need to pick every few days to get the best tips. At higher altitudes it takes as long as 2 weeks to grow a flush.
                                                2. Tea Nursery
                                                  1. Nursery should be shaded
                                                    1. Cutting can be propagated in soil mixtures of coarse sand and top soil
                                                      1. Moist environment using misting or frequent watering
                                                        1. Use rooting hormones
                                                        2. Morphology
                                                          1. 1. Environment
                                                            1. Abundant and evenly distributed rainfall and sunshine
                                                              1. Deep, permeable, well-drained, fertile and acidic soil
                                                                1. High altitudes
                                                                2. 2. Planting materials
                                                                  1. Seed
                                                                    1. Cuttings
                                                                3. PLANTING, PRUNING, FERTILIZATION
                                                                  1. Planting Distance
                                                                    1. Hedge plantings in row 1.5m, spaced 60cm
                                                                    2. Planting Method
                                                                      1. Planting points are marked by stakes. Holes are dug along the stakes. fertilizer mixed with soil and shade is not required if it have been hardened in nursery.
                                                                      2. Infilling
                                                                        1. Empty point should be replaced
                                                                          1. Used the strong plant to compete
                                                                            1. Should be done after pruning
                                                                            2. Pruning
                                                                              1. Bringing into bearing
                                                                                1. Formation pruning
                                                                                  1. Pegging
                                                                                  2. Maintenance
                                                                                    1. Skiffing
                                                                                      1. Tipping
                                                                                      2. Fertilizer Practice
                                                                                        1. Cameron Highlands- NPKMg 18:11:5:2 at 153-270kg N/ha per year, split into 2 application
                                                                                          1. Lowlands- same mixture at rates 180-396kg N/ha per year
                                                                                        2. PEST AND DISEASE
                                                                                          1. Pest
                                                                                            1. Tea thrips
                                                                                              1. Scirtothrips bispinosus
                                                                                                1. Leaf surface uneven and curled
                                                                                                  1. control
                                                                                                    1. yellow sticky traps
                                                                                                      1. verticillium lecanii @ 1.5kg/ha
                                                                                                    2. Tea mosquito bug
                                                                                                      1. suck of sap
                                                                                                        1. Helopeltis antonii
                                                                                                          1. reddish brown spots
                                                                                                          2. Red spider mites
                                                                                                            1. chemical control
                                                                                                              1. Endosulfan 35 EC, quinalphos 25 EC
                                                                                                            2. DISEASE
                                                                                                              1. Grey Blight and die back shoots
                                                                                                                1. control
                                                                                                                  1. carbendazim, mancozeb, thiophanate
                                                                                                                  2. Pestalotia thea
                                                                                                                    1. Attack mature leaves, young shoots and bare stalks leaves
                                                                                                                    2. Blister blight
                                                                                                                      1. Exobasidium vexans massee
                                                                                                                        1. Symptom- Pale yellow/pinkish translucent spots
                                                                                                                          1. Advanced symptoms-Upper concave lession smooth & shiny
                                                                                                                            1. Control
                                                                                                                              1. copper fungicide
                                                                                                                                1. Systemic fungicide
                                                                                                                                  1. tridermorph
                                                                                                                                    1. oxycarboxin
                                                                                                                                2. Collar canker
                                                                                                                                  1. attack young tea
                                                                                                                                    1. Control
                                                                                                                                      1. Soil drenching
                                                                                                                                      2. Phomopsis thea
                                                                                                                                      3. Thorny stem blight
                                                                                                                                        1. Tunstallia aculeata
                                                                                                                                          1. control
                                                                                                                                            1. uprooted and burnt
                                                                                                                                      4. Harvesting and Processing
                                                                                                                                        1. Harvesting
                                                                                                                                          1. fine and coarse plucking
                                                                                                                                            1. Mechanical Tea Harvesters- T1000 Magic carpet,other machinery and using shears
                                                                                                                                            2. Processing
                                                                                                                                              1. Orthodox
                                                                                                                                                1. Withering---Rolling---Fermentation---Drying
                                                                                                                                                2. Cut-Tear-Curl(CTC)
                                                                                                                                                  1. Withering---CTC---Fermentation---Drying
                                                                                                                                                3. Types of teas and processing method
                                                                                                                                                  1. Black tea- withered, fully oxidized
                                                                                                                                                    1. Green tea- skips the fermentation,undergo withered and dry
                                                                                                                                                      1. Oolong tea- withered, partially oxidized and dried
                                                                                                                                                        1. White tea- least processed
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