Carbohydrates

Questão	Responda
What are biological molecules? and give examples	Molecules made and used by Living organisms E.g Carbohydrates, Proteins, DNA, ATP Water, Inorganic Ions
Functions of Carbohydrates	-Store of Energy -Energy source -Structure
Give examples of the functions	-Source, Glucose in respiration -Store, Starch in Plants + Glycogen in Animals -Structure, Cellulose in cell walls
Name of building blocks of Carbohydrates	Monosaccharides
Example of Monosaccharide	Glucose ( a + b) , Glactose, Fructose
Formula for Monosaccharides	C₆H₁₂O₆ - All Monosaccharides have same formula but different arrangement (Isomers)
Differences between Glucose A + B	Alpha have H group on top and OH on the bottom with Beta reversed
How monosaccharides join together?	Condensation reaction - remove water
Bond in Carbohydrates	Glycosidic
What is a disaccharide?	Two monosaccharides and a glycosidic bond
Name the 3 disaccharides and what monosaccharides are involved?	Glucose (A) + Glucose (A) = Maltose Glucose (A) + Galactose = Lactose Glucose (A) + Fructose = Sucrose
Disaccharide formula	C₁₂H₂₄O₁₁
How are Saccharide polymers separated	Hydrolysis, add water
Definition of Polysaccharides?	Many monosaccharides joint together by glycosidic bonds - condensation reactions
Example of polysaccharides?	-Amylose, A Glucose ( type of glycogen) -Cellulose, B Glucose (Walls of plant cells)
What does many polysaccharides make up?	Carbohydrate
What is Starch?	Main energy storage in plants
Name the two types of Starch and properties	Amylose - Coiled, no branches, compact Amylopectin - Many branches, long, enzyme can breakdown with ease as many branches STARCH - Insoluble! Doesn't affect water potential
Properties of Cellulose	Long straight chains of beta glucose, Hydrogen bonds cross-link together polymers of B glucose. Many hydrogen bonds form Microfibrils. Support plant cell walls. Insoluble and don't affect water potential
Properties of Glycogen	Human version of starch - highly branched, for enzyme to break down, compact, store of excess glycogen
What does many microfibrils form	Macrofibrils
Test for starch	Iodine dissolved in potassium iodine solution Blue/Black colour
Test for reducing sugars	Dissolve solution Add Benedict's Heat - don't boil Colour chain from blue
Test for Non-reducing Sugars	Do a reducing sugar test add hydrochloric acid- break it down Add hydrogen carbonate - neutralises solution Add Benedict's and heat Brick Red
Name two reducing sugars	ALL Monosaccharides and Some Disaccharides ( Maltose and Lactose)
Name one non reducing sugars	Sucrose

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	Criado por Charlotte Willis quase 7 anos atrás