Global Studies Finals

Questão	Responda
Define: Culture	Traits, beliefs, customs, & traditions of a specific group of people that makes them who they are
Define: Society	A specific/particular group of people from a certain place or time with political, religious, or patriotic purposes
Name 4 crops that were grown in Mesopotamia	lentils, olives, grapes, wheat, barley, dates
Name 4 animals to be domesticated in Mesopotamia	cattle, sheep, oxen, pigs, cows
Why was farming, agriculture, & irrigation so important to the development of civilization?	It allowed people to not starve during scarcity of food, people to settle down in a certain area, & led to a group of people having certain jobs
What are some similarities between agriculture in Oregon and Mesopotamia?	~ Economical importance of crops ~ Access to water
What are some differences between agriculture in Oregon and Mesopotamia?	~ Climates ~ Location ~ Crops
List 7 inventions that were created in Mesopotamia.	~ Mathematics ~ Idea of time ~ Irrigation ~ The plow ~ Postal system ~ Roadways ~ Maps
Give 3 reasons why the Akkadian Empire was important	~ Was first official empire, united by Sargon ~ Created the first postal system ~ Developed major roadways
Give 3 reasons why the Assyrians were important	~ Considered greatest army of the ancient world ~ Experts at siege warfare ~ Created iron weapons & chariots
What is the significance of the Library of Nineveh?	It held thousands of tablets in its collection. Most of waht we know today about the ancient world and its empires came from this library
Who was Hammurabi and what was the significance of the laws he developed?	A ruler of Babylonia, & was very strong & effective in his ruling. His laws were significant because it was the first time official, set consequences to crimes committed were publicly known
Do you consider the region & people of Mesopotamia an advanced civilization? Why or why not? Give at least 3 reasons to back up your answers	Yes; due to inventions created, types of government/positions that were ahead of their time, & beginning of modern economical/social statuses
What do you consider the most important invention or creation in Mesopotamia? Explain why.	Time/mathematics; Helped the advancement of sciences such as astronomy, & the accuracy of inventions such as maps and roadways
Briefly describe what the Standards of Ur are & what does it tell us about Mesopotamian?	A hollow box inlaid with valuable stones. Tells us what life was like for difference social classes during different times. The king had the say, due to his figure being made larger than the rest. Warring times were brutal and harsh, while the civilization prospered and celebrated during the peaceful.
Who was Horus?	Falcon-headed god of war, descendant of Osiris, was believed to give the first role of pharaoh to mankind
Who was Isis?	Wife/assistant of Osiris
Who was Anubis?	jackal-headed god of embalming & mummification
Who was Osiris?	Lord of the Dead, in judgement hall of afterlife to judge one's heart & its weight
Who was Ra?	God of sun, would cross sky every day in a boat of fire
Define: Book of the Dead	A collection of spells in one's tomb to help guide them on their journey in the afterlife
Define: Vizier	Head of judiciary system/second in command
Name 4 common items Egyptians would be buried with	~ Book of the Dead, riches, servants, weapons, food, clothes, boats, personal possessions, currency, tools
Name all 5 parts of the concept of the soul, then say what 3 of those parts represent.	~ Heart -> seat of emotion, intention, will ~ Shadow -> possessed something human didn't ~ Name -> one could live forever if name was written/spoken ~ Personality -> unique traits that made a person who they were ~ Vital Spark -> difference between life/death
What was the role/importance of priests?	Were only ones allowed in temples (besides pharaohs), & were responsible for caring for the gods' needs. Well paid because they were believed to be the only ones keeping the gods happy
What was the role/importance of scribes?	Basis of government due to their ability to write; recorded all documents, wills, & records
What was the role/importance of artisans?	Craftsmen that built everything by hand; financed by pharaohs & were responsible for creating all engravings, relics, art, & monuments
What was the role/importance of scribes?	Basis of government due to their ability to write; recorded all documents, wills, & records
Who was Ramses?	Ruled during the Exodus stories in the Bible; 67 year rule; 100 children
Who was Cleopatra?	Last Egyptian pharaoh; chose to die by poisonous snake bite than be sold into slavery
Who was Tut?	Cleaned up his father's mistakes; tomb found untouched & still filled with riches; died mysteriously a 19 years old
Who was Khufu?	Built the Pyramid of Giza, one of the 7 wonders of the world
Describe stages the pharaohs and others believed they would take once they died in order to complete their journey through the afterlife	(answers may vary): ~ gates representing hours of night ~ each gate guarded by snakes ~ Hall of judgement ~ Another gate holding by Apophis ~ Lake of Fire, one's purity was tested
Which class of people do you believe was the most important to making Egypt a successful Empire?	Slaves: made up majority of population, without them pyramids and other major sites wouldn't have been created, and higher classes wouldn't have been as wealthy
How were the pyramids constructed & why do they still matter today?	No one is quite sure how the pyramids were constructed. Trenches were dug after 4 stakes were set into the ground. Water was poured into the trenches. Then rails were built to help move large stones into place. They matter today because they showed how sophisticated & genius ancient civilizations such as Egypt was back then.
Name 5 inventions/legacies of Ancient Egypt?	~ wigs ~ cosmetic makeup ~ black ink ~ toothpaste ~ advanced surgical tools
Describe the geography of the Indus River Valley	Interesting mix of highlands, oceans, jungles, & desserts
Name 4 agricultural products that were produced in the Indus River Valley	~ Peas ~ Cotton ~ Rice ~ Wheat ~ Barley
Name at least 3 characteristics of an Ancient Indian city	~ Granaries were usually in middle of city ~ Homes were one story/dried brick ~ Most city dwellers were artisans ~ These cities had first sanitation systems
Define Karma	The cause/effect through your deeds & actions that determined your destiny/your next reincarnation
Define Reincarnation	The belief that your soul is reborn on earth until all karma is resolved. No soul is deprived of reincarnation
Define Dharma	The divine law that prevails over every level of existence in the universe
Who is Brahma	The first god of the triumvirate who created the world, as well as the four Vedas from each of his four mouths
Who is Vishnu?	The second god of the triumvirate who preserves the world, maintaining order. Depicted with a blue body & four arms
Who is Shiva?	The third god of the triumvirate who destroys the world to re-create it. Depicted with a third eye & a trident
Who is Ganesh?	The patron of arts/sciences & remover of obstacles, depicted with an elephant's head
What are the 9 basic beliefs of Hinduism?	1) Immanent, all-supreme being/creator 2) 4 vedas are sacred scriptures 3) world goes thru endless cycles 4) belief of karma 5) reincarnation 6) divine unseen beings exist 7) enlightened master essential 2 resolve karma 8) all life is sacred 9) no religion is correct way to salvation
What are the 5 levels of the caste system? Give one example of who is included of each class.	~ Brahmins -> Seers, priests ~ Kshatriyas -> Warriors, nobles ~ Vsaiyas -> Artisans, craftsmen ~ Shundras -> Unskilled laborers ~ Harijan -> "untouchables" (sweepers, cleaners)
Name 2 advantages of the caste system	~ Division of labor ~ Allowed for continuity of traditions
Name 2 disadvantages of the caste system	~ War was uncoordinated & difficult ~ High castes exploited lower castes in terms of privilege
How was the caste system justified in India?	~ No caste system idea was considered unless it was found in vedas ~ Lower castes have only themselves to blame for past misdeeds ~ Different types of gunas have dominance on how people act, making them more fit for some occupations over others
How did trade influence Ancient India & the places they traded with?	~ Allowed for technology to advance quickly ~ Traded especially with Mesopotamia with melons, animal hides, cows, & water buffalo. They in return got beads, copper tools, carts, boats
What were some similarities between India, Egypt, & Mesopotamia?	~ Major cities built on rivers ~ Writing on clay tablets, pots, & walls ~ Similar crops such as barley/wheat ~ Had social orders
What were some differences between India, Egypt, & Mesopotamia?	~ India's writing yet to be fully translated ~ Geography ~ Trade ~ Religions ~ India's civilization more peaceful

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	Criado por E.M. Flood mais de 5 anos atrás