Legitimacy (1)

State Legitimatcy
1. Beetham's 3 Criteria for Legitamacy
  1. 1. Power should be acquired and excercised according to established rules
  2. 2. Rules to be justifiable by reference to shared and accepted beliefs
  3. 3. Positions of authority are publicly acknowledged by subordinates through actions that confirm their acceptance
2. Definitions
  1. Lipset, 1959
    1. Capacity of a political system to engender and maintain the belief that the existing institutions are most appropriate or the proper ones for society.
      1. Citizens more likely to accept, deter, consent, and submit to its decisions and rule; state can govern effectively
  2. Uphoff, 1989
    1. Authority & legitimacy differ in that one is a claim for compliance while the other is an acceptance of that claim.
3. Basis for legitamacy
  1. Institutions/political culture (Lipset)
    1. 1. Belief that institutions must be appropriate for socieity
    2. 2. Effectiveness (performance/development/ progress)
  2. Authority (Weber)
    1. 1. Charismatic authority
    2. 2. Legal-rational authority
    3. 3. Traditional Authority
    4. 4. Value-rational authority (Spenser, 1970)
Democratic System Legitmacy
1. Contributing Factors
  1. 1. Proven, prolonged effectiveness
  2. 2. Constant economic development
  3. 3. Presence of widely accepted political symbols
    1. a. preservation of traditional symbols of legitimacy b. development of strong, new symbols c. combination of traditional and new symbols
2. Sources
  1. 1. effective political system w/ relatively equitable distribution of resources to major groups
  2. 2. Existence of moderate tension & conflict, that are facilitated by system's capacity to resolve
  3. 3. Cross-cutting cleavages, rather than self-enforcing ones that fuel political intolerance
  4. 4. Acknowledge rise of new states groups, incorporate political demands to existing political system
  5. 5. Discourage politics of intolerance, by discouraging ideological politics
3. Sources in post-crisis of change
  1. 1. Continuity of important traditional integrative institutions during transitional period
  2. 2. Providing new groups access to legitimate political institutions
  3. 3. Extent to which secular political culture is institutionalized
  4. 4. Effective political system that provides some semblance of stability
4. Crisis of legitimacy
  1. 1. Arises from deep cleavages in society
  2. Results in revolutionary call for change.
    1. Occurs when major conservative institutions are threatened
    2. Major groups in society do not have access to political system in the trasition
    3. 3. Emergent, politically active social groups are denied access to political process (entry to politics crisis)
Lipset's Hypothesis
1. 1. Political leaders need to resolve major issues dividing society before new ones arise
2. 2. countries with low level of effectiveness and legitimacy will require constitutional factors that enhance its chances of developing into a stable democracy
3. 3. two party systems > multi-party systems
4. 4. Territorial elections > proportional representation
5. 5.Federalism > unitary state

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	Criado por Zulkhairee Sulaiman mais de 6 anos atrás