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Psychoses

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Part of chapter 17: Drugs for psychoses
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Olivia McRitchie
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Olivia McRitchie
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Resumo de Recurso

Psychoses
  1. Nature
    1. Unable to distinguish reality from illusion
      1. May be seen as medically & legally incompetent.
      2. Signs:
        1. Delusions
          1. Hallucinations
            1. Illusions
              1. Disorganized behavior
                1. Difficulty relating to others
                  1. Paranoia
        2. Causes:
          1. TBI
            1. Medication overdose
              1. Chronic alcoholism/drug addiction
                1. Extreme depression
                  1. Bipolar disorder
                    1. Alzheimer's disease
                      1. Schizophrenia
          2. Usually cannot function w/out long-term drug therapy.
          3. Schizophrenia
            1. Characterized by abnormal thoughts, thought processes, disordered communication, and withdrawal from others.
              1. High risk for suicide.
                1. Positive symptoms add on to normal behavior
                  1. Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought/speech
                  2. Negative symptoms subtract from normal behavior.
                    1. Lack of interest, motivation, responsiveness, or pleasure in daily activities.
                      1. Characteristic of the indifferent personality of many schizophrenics.
                    2. Causes:
                      1. Genetics
                        1. Overactive dopaminergic pathways in basal nuclei.
                          1. Dopamine type 2 receptors are rich in the basal nuclei.
                            1. Areas of frontal cortex are filled w/subcortical circuits contingent on dopamine levels.
                    3. Schizoaffective disorder
                      1. Schizophrenia + mood disorder.
                        1. Both positive and negative symptoms are present.
                          1. Conditions that can look like this:
                            1. Chronic amphetamine or cocaine use.
                              1. Brain neoplasms
                                1. Infections.
                                  1. Hemorrhage

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