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15630189
Glycans
Descrição
Biological Roles of Glycans 2017
Sem etiquetas
biology
chemistry
biochemistry
glycans
carbohydrates
Mapa Mental por
Katie Baugher
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Katie Baugher
quase 6 anos atrás
19
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Resumo de Recurso
Glycans
History
Historical Roles
Targeting signals
Cancer progression
Reaggregation of sponge cells
Mediating proteins
Energy production and metabolism
Knowledge lag in the study of function
More rapidly evolving
Diverse and complex
Study of genetic alterations in glycosylation in various organisms
Discovery of genetic defect in I-cell disease
Defect in PAPS formation
deficiency of a glycosaminoglycan core galactosyltransferase
Knocking out class or subclass of glycan is fatal, altering outer sugars gives living organism with species-specific defects
Important examples in vertebrates
Sialic acid
Sialoadhesins, or siglecs, are lectin proteins that bind to it
Modulates function of certain proteins
Mannose
Intraorganismal target signalling
Mannose 6-phosphate
Intraorganismal target signalling
Mediates transport of enzymes to locations in the lysosome
Heparin
Interacts with antithrombin
Anticoagulant effect
I-cell disease
Genetic defect in this disease proved the biological importance of the mannose 6 phosphate targeting pathway
Inhibits body's ability to break down fats
Causes low muscle tone, developmental delay, and some physical abnormalities.
Glycoproteins
Lectins
Bound by glycans which mediate their function
Selectins
Cell adhesion molecules
Play a crucial role in leukocyte trafficking
Galectins
Found in animals
Facilitates crosslinking of the ECM in animals
Other types of lectins
R - signal targeting, glycoprotein hormone turnover
L protein sorting
P - protein sorting, signal targeting, degradation of glycoproteins
C - cell adhesion, glycoprotein clearance and innate immunity
Glycosylation
Most common form
Nucleocytoplasmic modification
O-type glycosylation
Congenital disorders
multisystem disorders caused by enzymatic and genetic defects
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