2750544
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Keely Mountjoy, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Keely Mountjoy
mais de 9 anos atrás
|
|
MODELS OF HEALTH
- Biomedical model of health
- Referred to as the 'bandaid' or
'quick fix' approach. Involves
trying to diagnose and treat
illnesses and conditions once
symptoms are present.
- Centres around doctors,
health professionals and
hospitals who administer
treatment. Examples in;
surgery, medication and
x-rays.
- Concentrates on disease,
illness or disability and
attempts to return the physical
health of the person to a
pre-illness state
- The reasons for the illness
are not the centre, the
condition itself is the focus
and treatments are
considered the solution
- LIMITATIONS/DISADVANTAGES
- It relies on professional health workers and
technology and is therefore costly. As individuals are
the focus of this model, people with specialist
knowledge about disease and treatment are required
to adequately treat the patient. As knowledge and
technology have developed, the cost of training and
equipment has also increased. Some machines
required for diagnosis (such as MRI machines) and
treatment (such as robotic surgery systems) can cost
millions of dollars and may only be able to treat a
small number of patients each day.
- It doesn’t always promote good health.
The biomedical model encourages a
reliance on quick-fix solutions to health
issues. As the focus is on the condition
itself rather than the determinants that
caused it, the biomedical model does
not encourage people to be responsible
for their own health.
- Not every condition can be treated. Those relying on the
biomedical model to restore optimal health may
experience conditions that cannot be cured or treated
effectively. These conditions may be preventable through
behaviour change; however, this is not a focus of the
biomedical model. Cancer is an example of a condition that
has treatments available but in many cases, no cure.
- Affordability. Not all individuals can afford the
medical technologies and resources that are a part of
the biomedical model of health care. This is an
important factor contributing to the differences
experienced in health status.
- It relies on professional health workers and
technology and is therefore costly. As individuals are
the focus of this model, people with specialist
knowledge about disease and treatment are required
to adequately treat the patient. As knowledge and
technology have developed, the cost of training and
equipment has also increased. Some machines
required for diagnosis (such as MRI machines) and
treatment (such as robotic surgery systems) can cost
millions of dollars and may only be able to treat a
small number of patients each day.
- ADVANTAGES
- It creates advances in technology and research.
Without the biomedical model of health, there would
be no x-rays, antibiotics or anaesthetics. There would
also be relatively little knowledge about how to
diagnose and treat illness.
- Many common problems can be
effectively treated. Most people have
had a range of medicines over the
course of their lives. These are often
taken for granted as they stop
diseases that would otherwise
develop and cause considerable
ill-health or death.
- Extends life expectancy.
Many causes of death that
were common in the past,
such as some infectious
diseases, can now be
treated and cured.
- Improves quality of life. Many chronic
conditions can be managed with
medication, therapy or surgery. These
interventions can improve the level of
health experienced by many individuals.
- It creates advances in technology and research.
Without the biomedical model of health, there would
be no x-rays, antibiotics or anaesthetics. There would
also be relatively little knowledge about how to
diagnose and treat illness.
- Referred to as the 'bandaid' or
'quick fix' approach. Involves
trying to diagnose and treat
illnesses and conditions once
symptoms are present.
- Social model of health
- Attempts to address the
brooder influences on health
(social, cultural,
environmental and economic
factors) rather then the
disease or injury itself
- Recognised the
relationship between the
social determinants of
health and health status
and takes into account the
significant role that factors
play in bringing about
improved health status,
- THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SOCIAL MODEL OF HEALTH
- Addresses the broader determinants
of health. Behavioural determinants,
such as reducing tobacco smoking and
food intake, are an important part of
improving health, but these factors are
often themselves influenced by other,
broader determinants such as gender,
culture, race or ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, geographical
location and physical environment.
These broader determinants of health
have been shown to have strong
relationships with health status and
are increasingly becoming the focus of
health promotion strategies.
Addressing these determinants is a key
aspect of the social model of health.
- Involves intersectoral collaboration.
There are many government and
non-government organisations and
stakeholders who have an influence
over the social and environmental
determinants of health. Some of these
groups include government
departments responsible for
employment, education and finance, as
well as the private sector, including
service providers and manufacturers
who sit outside the health system. The
health system, while contributing
significantly to health status, does not
have as much influence over the social
environment. Only by involving all
interested and concerned groups can
the social determinants be adequately
addressed.
- Acts to reduce social inequities. To achieve
this, the social factors that contribute to
inequities in health status must be addressed.
Many individuals and population groups are
heavily influenced by social determinants of
health such as gender, culture, race,
socioeconomic status, access to health care,
social exclusion and the physical environment.
- Acts to enable access to health care.
Health care is a significant determinant
of health and is a contributing factor in
the health status experienced by most
people. There are many social factors
that can impact on access to health care.
Some of these include cultural and
language barriers, economic and
geographical factors, and education
levels.
- Empowers individuals and communities. Empowering individuals and communities means
they can participate in decision making about their health. Individuals are more likely to
participate in healthy behaviours if they feel they have a sense of power and control over
their situation. Empowering individuals and communities with health knowledge and skills
means that they are in a position to make positive changes to their health.
- Addresses the broader determinants
of health. Behavioural determinants,
such as reducing tobacco smoking and
food intake, are an important part of
improving health, but these factors are
often themselves influenced by other,
broader determinants such as gender,
culture, race or ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, geographical
location and physical environment.
These broader determinants of health
have been shown to have strong
relationships with health status and
are increasingly becoming the focus of
health promotion strategies.
Addressing these determinants is a key
aspect of the social model of health.
- PROGRAMS
- 'Close the gap' indigenous campaign
- 'Sunsmart' program
- 'Breastscreen Australia'
- 'Rural Retention Program'
- 'Quit'
- 'Be a man-talk to
your doctor about
prostate cancer;
- 'Swap it, don't
stop it'
campaign
- 'Close the gap' indigenous campaign
- Attempts to address the
brooder influences on health
(social, cultural,
environmental and economic
factors) rather then the
disease or injury itself
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