Orientalism & the Other

Said (1978)
1. discourse through which Europeans manages the Orient during post-enlightenment period
  1. cultural hegemony gives orientalism strength & durability
    1. Us vs. Them
    2. power involves knowledge - radicalised knowledge (Foucault)
2. regime of representation: representing in certain way
Olson (2005)
1. promotes political vision between foreign & common
2. once vision is accepted, difficult to change
3. Western generalisation about Orient/islamic cultures
4. colonial discourse operated as instrument of power
the Eastern came to know themselves as the Orients
1. ethnocentrism: application of one's culture to others
Sawant (2012)
1. Post-colonialism
  1. modes of perceptions used as weapons of colonial power
2. Ambivalence
  1. repulsion & attraction that characterises relationship between coloniser, colonised
3. Mimicry
  1. colonised subject imitates coloniser by adopting habits, values (never simple reproduction)
4. Hybridity
  1. political-cultural negotiation between coloniser, colonised (gap W&E)
Bhabha (1983)
1. stereotyping is ideological operation
  1. repeated characteristics confirm generalisation
2. regime of truth: coloniser controls conolised by using knowledge to define colonised
Hall (1997)
1. significantly different from majority (THEM) are exposed to binary form of representation
2. difference is essential to meaning
  1. meaning depends on different between opposites
3. construct meaning through dialogue with "Other"
  1. meaning established through dialogue
4. difference is basis of culture, symbolic order
  1. classification systems (groups)
5. ambivalent role of Other
  1. positive: formation of language, cultural identities
  2. negative: creates hostility, aggression, threat
Stereotypes
1. divides acceptable from abnormal
  1. maintenance of symbolic order
    1. normal vs. deviant
      1. sends THEM to symbolic exile
  2. occur when there are strong power inequalities
2. Foucault: power/knowledge
3. Gramsci: hegemony
4. natural & inevitable

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	Criado por Jade Jannotti mais de 10 anos atrás