janice's painfull knee

anatomy of the knee joint
1. ligaments
2. bursae
4. meniscus cartilage
5. connective tissue
  1. Types
    1. hyaline cartilage
      1. articular cartilage
      2. costal cartilage
    2. elastic cartilage
      1. external ear
      2. epiglottis
    3. fibrous cartilage
      1. intervertebral discs
      2. intra-articular structures
  2. consist of
    1. cells and extracellular components
    2. surrounded by perichondrium
    3. ground substance
      1. hyaluronan
      2. tropocollagen
        collagen's precursor
      3. chondroitin sulfate
knee pain
1. alleviating factors
  1. rest
  2. elevation
  3. ice
  4. compressing
2. aggravating factors
  1. carring weight
  2. wearing wrong gear
3. causes
  1. osteoarthritis
    1. Types
      1. primary
      2. secondary
    2. complications
      1. chondrocalcinosis
      2. baker's cysts
      3. subchondral sclerosis
    3. clinical picture
      1. pain
      2. crepitus
      3. water on the knee
      4. muscle spasms
      5. heberden's node
    4. natural history
    5. most affected sites
      1. ends of the fingers
      2. thumb
      3. neck
      4. knee
      5. lower back
      6. hip
    6. risk factors
      1. age
      2. gender
      3. genetics
      4. obesity
      5. previous joint injury
      6. occupational overuse of the joint
    7. epidemiology
      1. more common in women
      2. most common joint disorder in the US
    8. diagnosis
      1. X-Rays
      2. medical history
      3. physical examination
        stability tests
        collateral ligament stress test
        Anterior and posterior drawer tests
        Apley's distraction test
        special tests
        McMurray's test
        Apley's grinding Test
        patellar test
      4. joint aspiration
    9. management
      1. pharmalogical
        Glucosamine
        naturally found around the joints
        can be given in supplements
        function
        slow down the disease
        improve joint function
        relieves joint pain
      2. non-pharmalogical
        exercise
        life style
        losing weight
      3. surgical
        stem cell injection
        knee replacement
        complications
        infection
        early failure
        stiffness
        instability
        loss of motion
        arthroscopy
        osteotomy
        cartilage procedure
      4. physiotherapy
        strengthening exercises
        flexibility exercises
        cold therapy
        hydrotherapy
  2. bursitis
  3. haemarthrosis
  4. osgood-schlatter's disease
  5. gout
  6. septic arthritis
  7. osteochondritis dissecans
  8. plica syndrome

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janice's painfull knee

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	Criado por yasmin alkhatib mais de 7 anos atrás