Spread by droplets of water/mucous
Inhaled into another person's respiratory system
Bacterium -
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Course of Infection
Anotações:
The bacteria can grow and divide in the upper regions of the lungs.
Phagocytes can engulf and digest the bacteria.
They can become encased in a tubercule.
The bacteria can destroy the alveoli, causing fibrosis and scar tissue.
The damage leads to less diffusion of gases, due to less surface area and larger diffusion pathway.
Symptoms
Anotações:
Persistant cough
Tiredness
Loss of apetite
Fever
Coughing up blood
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Scarring of the
epithelium of the lungs
Irreversibly thickened
Larger diffusion pathway
The volume of air the
lungs can contain is
reduced
Reduces the
elasticity of the
lungs
Lack of stretch and recoil
Air cannot be expulsed so lung ventilation is difficult
Symptoms
Anotações:
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Chest pain
Chronic cough
Emphysema
Symptoms
Anotações:
Shortness of breath
Chronic cough
Fatigue
Breaking down of the
alveoli
Surface area of
the lungs is
reduced
Elastin break down
Lack of stretch and recoil
More difficult to expel air
Caused by smoking
Asthma
Caused by allergens
Also triggered by air
pollution, exercise,
cold air...
What happens:
Anotações:
Allergens cause WBCs to move to site of infection.
Release histamine
Lining of airways inflammed. Cells produce more mucus. Bronchioles contract, constricting the airways.
Airways in turn become blocked