The rise of Hitler and the Nazis

The German Worker's Party
1. 25-Point programme of 1920
  1. Scrapping TOV
  2. Lebensraum - expanding borders
  3. Depriving Jews of German citizenship
  4. Using force to achieve this
2. Hitler's role
  1. Suggest to change from DAP to NSDAP (Nazis) in 1920
  2. Adopted Swastika s emblem
  3. Membership increased to 3000 during 1920
  4. Bought newspaper - spread ideas
  5. 1921 - Hitler became party leader
    1. Rohm
    2. Goering
    3. Hess
  6. Powerful "friends"
    1. General Ludendorff
  7. 1921 - created SA (private army)
  8. SA difficult to control, created SS 1923
Munich Putsch 1923
1. Causes
  1. Discontent - hyperinflation, Ruhr occupation
  2. Membership of NSDAP 55,000
  3. Sensed Stresemann would fix things, act before that
  4. govt. cracking down on extremist groups
  5. Hitler wanted to makehimself president of Germanh
2. Events
  1. 8 Nov - 3000 officials met in beerhall
  2. Hitler & 600 SS broke in & announced uprising
  3. 3 Leaders accepted to support Hitler under threat
  4. Next morning, the three changed their mind
  5. 3000 supporters with SA marched in to Munich inc. Hitler & Ludendorrf
  6. State police opened fire
    1. Hitler fled, but was arrested
3. Results
  1. Hitler put on trial
    1. Sentenced to 5 years
  2. NSDAP banned
    1. Weakly enforced, lifted in 1925
    2. Got publicity
      1. Got 32 seats in 1924
  3. Hitler released after 9 months
  4. Wrote Mein Kampf
  5. Hitler changed approach - get to power using politics
Reorganisation of party 1924-28
1. New organisation
  1. Two administrators run head quarters
  2. Divided party into regions
2. New funding
  1. Befriended Germany's businessmen
    1. Anit-communist
3. SA and SS
  1. SA 1930: 400,000
  2. SS set up, led by Himmler
    1. Trusted more, swore oath to Hitler
4. Propaganda
  1. Goebbels
  2. Scapegoats
    1. Jews
    2. November Criminals
    3. Communists
  3. Nazi newspapers published Hitler's speeches
    1. Showed Hitler's passion, spectacle of Nazi rallies, power of SA&SS
  4. Up-to-date technology
    1. Radio, films, records, aeroplanes
5. 1928 election
  1. 12 seats, 2.6% of votes
    1. Stresemann's govt, Hindenburg presidency
Wall street crash
1. Economic effects
  1. Banks suffereed losses
  2. People rushed to get money out of their bank account
    1. Banks lost cash
  3. German companies dependent on US loans
    1. Industrial output fell
    2. Unemployment rose
      1. Sep 1929: 1.3mil, Jan 1933: 6mil
    3. Fall in industrial production
      1. 1929-30: 10%
      2. 1929-32: 40%
2. Social and political
  1. MIddle class lost savings, companies, homes
  2. Workers unemployed
  3. Lost faith in Weimar govt.
  4. Coalition collapsed
  5. People out of control
Growing support
1. Hitler's appeal
  1. Powerful, strong leader
  2. Restore order
  3. Scrap TOV
  4. Persuade other nations to treat Germany fairly
  5. Universal
2. SA
  1. Made rallies seem organised, disciplined, strong, reliable
  2. Used against opposition during elections
3. Different supporters
  1. Working-class
    1. Traditional German values
    2. Nazis promised 'work and bread'
    3. Worker's party
  2. Middle-class
    1. Great depression struck them
    2. Hitler strong leader who could help country recover
    3. Afraid of Communists (abolishment of private ownership)
    4. Moral decline during depression :(
  3. Farmers
    1. Protected from Communists
  4. Big businesses
  5. Youth & women
    1. Passionate speeches
    2. Family appeal
Nazis win power
1. Presidential election 1932
  1. People voted for extremists
  2. No one won more than 50%, had to redo
  3. Hindenburg 19million
  4. Hitler 13 million
2. Fall of chancellor Bruning
  1. 1932, wanted to ban SA and SS
  2. Right parties protested this
  3. Schleicher organised coalition of rightwingers
  4. Convinced Hindenburg they had majority, Bruning sacked
3. Von Papen as chancellor
  1. May 1932
  2. Von Schleicher controlled govt. from behind scenes
  3. Von Schleicher invited Hitler into coaltion
    1. Thought he could easily control him
  4. Weak coalition
  5. Election July 1932
    1. Nazis won 230 seats - majority
    2. Hitler demanded to be chancellor, Hindenburg refused
  6. Von Papen called new election Nov 1932
    1. Hoped Nazi support would fall
    2. Nazis: 196 seats, still majority
    3. Wihout Hitler's support, Von Papen resigned
4. Von Schleicher becomes chancellor
  1. HIndenburg appointed him
  2. Von Schleicher could not get majority
  3. Told Hindenburg of conspiracy against him from Von Papen and Hitler
    1. Told Hindenburg to make him military dictator
      1. Plan leaked, lost support
5. Hitler becomes chancellor
  1. Von Papen plotted against Hindneburg
    1. Support Hitler, he could be vice-chancellor and control Hitler
  2. Hindenburg had no alternative
    1. 30 January 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor

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