Mark Scheme Key points to specification (1/2)

Type of Reaction: Hydrolysis (Bonds broken) or Condensation (Bonds made)

Describing Data from a table: Use Units and key words such as: Increasing, decreasing, no change

When naming the disaccharide, also mention the enzyme that breaks it down I.E Lactose and Lactase

Emphysema (less elasticity from smoking):Thicker wallsless alveoliLess surface area on alveoliCells unable to respireloss of elasticity

Enzymes denatures, substrate unable to bind to active site.

Muscle in the left ventricle is thicker because it pumps blood around the whole body.

Atria Pressure is higher, ventricle pressure is lowerAtrioventricular valves cause pressure

Delay in electrical impulses to allow atria to contract and ventricles to fill

Ventricles contract from base upwards

Pulmonary TuberculosisDroplets passed to other peopleBacteria attaches to dropletsDifferent countries with same disease at different rates:Vaccination and living conditions

 Cholera:produces toxin, specific tertiary structure of this protein that compliments ion chambers

Movement of sodium ions:Sodium potassium pump by active transport and over a carrier protein.

Whenever water in the small intestines is mentioned (or concentration) write osmosis.

Or

Oral medication is not used because of digestive enzymes.

Vaccines helps memory cells to be produced.

Atheroma:Fatty material within walls of arteriesVessels are narrowedblood pressure risesVessels could burst (aneurism)

Cigarette smoking and high cholesterol:fat build up an arteriesrestricted oxygen supplyCarbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin- less affintyblood clots

3.1.1 Cause of disease

3.1.2 Enzymes and the digestive system

3.1.3 Cells and movement in and out

3.1.4 lungs and lung disease

3.1.5 The heart and Heart disease