Levels of Explanation

Biological The physical processes underlying behaviour – What is happening to the body? Involves: -Brain structure & function -Sensory receptors & the motor system -Hormones -Genetics Physiological Features -Changes in heart/breathing rate, blood pressure -Pupil dilation, perspiration Example: Automatic arousal – ‘Fight or flight’

Basic ProcessesThe physiological processes that are common to most people Involves: -Memory -Learning -Cognition Example: An unrealistic fear of open spaces might be better understood through considering: -The original event (memory) -What kind of learning may have taken place -What thoughts are taking place (cognition)

Socio-culturalThe influence of other people on behaviour (the social context) Involves: -Culture -Socio-economic influences -Peer groups -Stereo-types Example: A males desire to cry in public may be influenced by; -Cultural norms in relation to the situation -The opinion and presence of peers -How he believes others may perceive his tears

PersonThe influence of individual differences on behaviour -Age, class, education -Personality -Preferences Example: How comfortable an individual feels in the mosh pit of a concert may differ depending on: -Music preference -Age -Personality (introvert/extrovert)

biological

Basic processes

socio-cultural

person