Questão 1
Questão
Glucose is a 6-Carbon ring that’s metabolisable as a “D-isomer”. It’s C6-H[x]-O[y]?
Responda
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X = 12; Y = 6
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X = 6; Y = 6
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X = 6; Y = 12
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X = 12; Y = 12
Questão 2
Responda
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Monosaccharide
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Polysaccharide
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Monoglyceride
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Polyglyceride
Questão 3
Questão
Glucose is consumed as starch and glycogen and broken down to glucose by [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] for transport across the enterocytes.
Responda
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Exocrine
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Endocrine
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Autocrine
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Paracrine
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Pancreatic
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Hepatic
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Leukocytic
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Lymphatic
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Glycosidases
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Glycocytes
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Glycosides
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Glycogenases
Questão 4
Questão
How much of the postprandial glucose disposal is accounted for by skeletal muscle glucose uptake? (in humans)
Responda
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~70-80%
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~20-30%
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~50-70%
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~30-50%
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~80-90%
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~10-20%
Questão 5
Questão
Triglycerides (/“Triacylglycerols”) are complex lipids that are 3 Fatty Acids attached to a [blank_start]_______[blank_end] backbone.
Responda
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3 Carbon Glycerol
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3 Carbon Glycogen
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5 Carbon Glycerol
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5 Carbon Glycogen
Questão 6
Questão
Free Fatty Acids (“NEFA”: Non-Esterified Fatty Acids) are released from [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and circulate bound to [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Questão 7
Questão
Triglycerides (/TriAcylGlycerols/TAGs) circulate in lipoproteins secreted from the Liver or Gut. Which type of lipoprotein is secreted from each of the two?
Liver: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Gut: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Responda
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VLDL
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LDL
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HDL
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Chylomicron
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Chylomicron
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VLDL
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LDL
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HDL
Questão 8
Questão
ADIPOSE-DERIVED Fatty Acids are taken up by which tissues?
Responda
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Liver
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Gut
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Muscle
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Liver and Gut
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Liver and Muscle
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Gut and Muscle
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All of the above
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None of the above
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ALL tissues
Questão 9
Questão
Once dietary TriAcylGlycerols have been hydrolysed and transported across the enterocytes, they’re then esterified back into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:
Responda
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Chylomicrons
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VLDLs
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LDLs
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HDLs
Questão 10
Questão
Once adipose-derived Fatty Acids are taken up by the liver, they’re esterified into TriAcylGlycerols and packaged into:
Responda
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Chylomicrons
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VLDLs
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LDLs
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HDLs
Questão 11
Questão
Chylomicron-TG is metabolised at the tissue level by [blank_start]__________[blank_end], which hydrolyses CM-TG to release FA for tissue uptake.
Responda
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LipoProtein Lipase (LPL)
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Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
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High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
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Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)
Questão 12
Questão
After hydrolysis of the Chylomicron-TG, the particle becomes smaller, forming CM-remnant.
This remnant particle is taken up by the [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and the TG remaining in the particle can be repackaged into a [blank_start]__________[blank_end], thereby recycling the dietary FA.
Responda
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Liver
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Gut
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Muscle
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VLDL
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HDL
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LDL
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LPL
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VLPL
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Chylomicron
Questão 13
Questão
Label all those bits.
Responda
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Chylomicron
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LDL
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VLDL
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LPL
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HDL
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VLPL
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LPL
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VLPL
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LDL
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VLDL
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HDL
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Chylomicron
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Chylomicron remnant
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VLDL remnant
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LDL remnant
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HDL remnant
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VLPL remnant
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LPL remnant
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VLDL
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LDL
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LPL
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VLPL
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HDL
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Chylomicron
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Liver
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Adipose
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Muscle
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Adipose
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Liver
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Muscle
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Muscle
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Adipose
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Liver
Questão 14
Questão
Which two mostly carry TAGs (/TAs/TriAcylGlycerols/TriGlycerides)?
Questão 15
Questão
Which two carry mostly* Cholesterol?
(not actually mostly, but more than TAGs)
Questão 16
Questão
Glucose uptake is limited by GLUT levels at the plasma membrane… …but can be overcome by an increase in levels of what?
Questão 17
Questão
The rate of fatty acid oxidation is controlled by the rate of FA entry into the mitochondria – this step is catalysed by what? (the activity of which is regulated by malonyl-CoA through ALLOSTERIC REGULATION)
Questão 18
Questão
The modification of proteins is a highly conserved process that regulates protein/enzyme activity. A diverse range of PTMs include:
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of a phosphate (from ATP or similar triphosphates)
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of acetate from acetyl-CoA
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Addition of a glucose molecule
[blank_start]__________[blank_end]: Include myristolyation (C14), palmitolyation (C16)
Responda
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Phosphorylation
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Acetylation
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Glycosylation
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Lipidation
Questão 19
Questão
Can Phosphorylation activate or inactivate an enzyme?
Responda
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Activate
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Inactivate
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Neither
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Either
Questão 20
Questão
True or false: The synthesis of new protein is another point of regulation. An example of this is Gluconeogenesis.