11848904
Descrição
Quiz por David Tirol , atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por David Tirol
mais de 6 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
If all the nerves passing through the annulus of Zinn were transected, what nerve would
continue to function?
Responda
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superior division of cranial nerve III
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cranial nerve IV
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nasociliary branch of cranial nerve V (V1)
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optic nerve
Questão 2
Questão
Which extraocular muscle originates from the annulus of Zinn?
Responda
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Levator palpebrae superioris
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Superior oblique
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Lateral rectus
-
Inferior oblique
Questão 3
Questão
What is the ratio of optic nerve axons that cross at the optic chiasm to those that do not cross at the optic chiasm?
Responda
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67:33
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50:50
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30:70
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53:47
Questão 4
Questão
A patient presents with left-sided ophthalmoplegia and forehead numbness. The lesion is
most likely to be located at the:
Responda
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Brainstem
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Cavernous sinus
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Superior Orbit
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Intraconal space
Questão 5
Questão
The first cells to develop in the embryonic retina are the:
Responda
-
Ganglion cells
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Photoreceptors
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Amacrine Cells
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Bipolar cells
Questão 6
Questão
Which disorder is associated with a non-mitochondrial gene?
Responda
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Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
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Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
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Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
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Retinoblastoma
Questão 7
Questão
What characteristic of retinoblastoma may facilitate its diagnosis as a familial condition?
Responda
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It may be associated with chromosome 11 short-arm deletion syndrome and Wilms tumor.
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It affects approximately 1 per 100,000 live births in the United States.
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Approximately 90% of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma have a family history of the disease.
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The hereditary pattern in familial retinoblastoma is autosomal dominant, but the defect is mitochondrial at a cellular level.
Questão 8
Questão
Mutations in the rhodopsin gene are associated with what inherited ocular disease?
Responda
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Juvenile Glaucoma
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Leber Heriditary Optic Neuropathy
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Retinitis Pigmentosa
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Stargardt Disease
Questão 9
Questão
Mitochondrial inheritance is transmitted by what route?
Responda
-
Paternal mitochondria
-
Maternal mitochondria
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Acquired mitochondria
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De novo mitochondria
Questão 10
Questão
Mutations of PAX6 are associated with what disorder?
Responda
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Aniridia
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Retinal Coloboma
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Retinal Hypoplasia
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Corneal granular dystrophy
Questão 11
Questão
An unaffected woman has a brother, maternal uncle, and son affected with retinitis pigmentosa. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?
Responda
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Autosomal dominant
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X-linked recessive
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Autosomal recessive
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sporadric
Questão 12
Questão
What is the basis for complex genetic diseases?
Responda
-
A single recessive gene
-
X-linked genes
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A single spontaneous genetic mutation
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The resultant effect of many genes, in combination with health habits and environmental factors
Questão 13
Questão
What structure, if inflamed, would be considered a sign of uveitis?
Responda
-
Optic nerve
-
Descemet membrane
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Choroid
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Retinal pigment epithelium
Questão 14
Questão
What pair accurately matches a cell-type origin with the correct tear-layer product?
Responda
-
Goblet cells - Lipid Layer
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Meibomian Glands - Mucin Layer
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Glands of Krause - Aqueous layer
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Glands of Wolfring - Mucin layer
Questão 15
Questão
What option most accurately describes the immunoglobulin(s) that can be found in the tear film?
Responda
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IgA only
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IgA and IgG only
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IgG and IgM only
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IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgD
Questão 16
Questão
What intraocular structure is a true basement membrane (basal lamina)?
Responda
-
Bowman layer
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Zonule of Zinn
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Descemet Membrane
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Anterior border layer of the Iris
Questão 17
Questão
What is the principal structural protein in the Descemet membrane
Responda
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Type I collagen
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Type II collagen
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Type III collagen
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Type IV collagen
Questão 18
Questão
What mechanism holds the flap created during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in place after surgery?
Responda
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endothelial - Descemet membrane interaction
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endothelial pump
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Bowman layer - stromal adhesions
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stromal collagen adhesions
Questão 19
Questão
What property of the retina renders it susceptible to oxidative stress?
Responda
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high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the photoreceptor outer segments
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high concentration of carotenoids compared with other intraocular structure
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presence of Vitamin E
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absence of retinal vessels in the foveal avascular zone
Questão 20
Questão
What pigment within the retinal pigment epithelium is responsible for the signal generated in fundus autofluorescence imaging?
Responda
-
melanin
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lipofuscin
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rhodopsin
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lutein
Questão 21
Questão
The retinal pigment epithelium is the first site of melanogenesis in the body. Ocular melanin has been shown to participate in what process?
Responda
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Pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa
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Vitamin A metabolism
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Retinal adhesion
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Retinal development and neuronal migration
Questão 22
Questão
Age-related loss of type IX collagen has been implicated in what process related to the vitreous?
Responda
-
vitreous hemorrhage
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angiogenesis
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increase diffusion of oxygen from the anterior segment to the posterior segment
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vitreous liquefaction
Questão 23
Questão
What vitamin is most critical for the photoreceptor response to light
Responda
-
A
-
B
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C
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E
Questão 24
Questão
In prescribing for elderly patients, what pharmacologic adjustments should be considered?
Responda
-
Hepatic perfusion and enzymatic activity increase with age.
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Renal function decreases with age.
-
Elderly patients have more albumin relative to weight.
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Elderly patients have more body water relative to weight
Questão 25
Questão
What technique or strategy improves the ocular absorption of eyedrops?
Responda
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Rapid instillation of eyedrops one after the other without interruption
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Application of digital pressure at the lateral canthus to prevent the eyedrop from escaping
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Keeping the eye open and rolling the eye around after instillation of each drop
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Increasing the viscosity of the delivery vehicle
Questão 26
Questão
Atropine, 1%, has how many milligrams of drug per drop, assuming 20 drops per milliliter?
Responda
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1 mg
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0.5 mg
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0.1 mg
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0.05 mg
Questão 27
Questão
How much epinephrine is present in 1 mL of the 1:10,000 epinephrine solution?
Responda
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1 mg of epinephrine
-
same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 0.01% epinephrine
-
same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 1:1000 epinephrine
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Same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 0.1% epinephrine
Questão 28
Questão
Direct-acting muscarinic agents (miotics) have what clinical effect?
Responda
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hyperopic shift in refraction
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increased range of accomodation
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central anterior chamber deepening
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increased night vision
Questão 29
Questão
What management strategy has been shown to reduce postsurgical endophthalmitis?
Responda
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preoperative preparation of the eye with topical povidone-iodine
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intracameral vancomycin
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intracameral aminoglycosides
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subconjunctival fluoroquinolones
Questão 30
Questão
What property of latanoprost may limit its usefulness?
Responda
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It is a prodrug of prostaglandin E20 .
-
It reduces intraocular pressure by increasing trabecular meshwork outflow
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It can cause darkening ofthe iris and periocular skin and hypertrichosis ofthe eyelashes
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It increases the number of melanocytes
Questão 31
Questão
What systemic side effect may result from treatment with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Responda
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Insomnia
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Weight gain
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Hyperkalemia
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Aplastic anemia
Questão 32
Questão
What is a clinically important property of brimonidine?
Responda
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Brimonidine is a selective a 1-adrenergic agonist.
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Brimonidine is more lipophilic than apraclonidine.
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Brimonidine has been associated with tachycardia and hyperventilation when used in infants.
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Rates of tachyphylaxis and allergic reaction are higher in brimonidine than in apraclonidine
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