11909635
Questão 1
Questão
indicate the correct statements
Responda
-
gangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
-
severe inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
-
gangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
-
inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after necrosis
Questão 2
Questão
the gross appearance "Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium" describes:
Responda
-
Chronic pericarditis
-
fibrinous myocarditis
-
fibrinous pericarditis
-
acute pericarditis
Questão 3
Questão
which are the cells that inflitrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
Responda
-
lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
basophiles
-
neutrophils
-
giant multinucleated cells
Questão 4
Questão
what is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis
Responda
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
-
yellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
-
clear cerebro-spinal fluid
Questão 5
Questão
hydatid cysts affect most commonly:
Responda
-
the brain
-
the heart
-
the spleen
-
the liver
Questão 6
Questão
which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
Responda
-
brain
-
liver
-
lung
-
kidney
Questão 7
Questão
the following description indicates: focal aggregates in the form of the nodules of the cells with phagocytic ability. the diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically.
Responda
-
granulomas
-
metastases
-
polyps
-
granulation tissue
Questão 8
Questão
what type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
Responda
-
caseous necrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
fibrinoid necrosis
Questão 9
Questão
what of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
Responda
-
giant cells type Langhans
-
epitheloid cells
-
tuton giant cells
-
lymphocytes
Questão 10
Questão
The giant cells type Langhans are derived from:
Responda
-
macrophages
-
epitheloid cells
-
lymphocytes
-
Monocytes
Questão 11
Questão
which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe?
Responda
-
Tuton giant cells
-
foreign body giant cells
-
Langhans giant cells
-
none of the above
Questão 12
Questão
in which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
Responda
-
first
-
second
-
third
-
they develop in all stages
Questão 13
Questão
what type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas
Responda
-
clay-like
-
caseus
-
liquefactive
-
coagulative
Questão 14
Questão
what type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
Responda
-
caseous
-
coagulative
-
liquefactive
-
gummous
Questão 15
Questão
mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis.
Responda
-
has three stages of development
-
has cervical, abdominal and thoracic froms
-
grossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
-
grossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs
Questão 16
Questão
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibers, shaumann bodies
Responda
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
Rheumatism
-
syphilis
Questão 17
Questão
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma: gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, firbroblasts.
Responda
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
rheumatism
-
syphilis
Questão 18
Questão
the Sulfur granule is characteristic for:
Responda
-
tuberculosis
-
felinosis
-
actinomycosis
-
leprosy
Questão 19
Questão
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. fibrinoid necrosis, surrounded by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff.
Responda
-
tuberculosis
-
rheumatoid arthritis
-
syphilis
-
rheumatism
Questão 20
Questão
what histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Responda
-
unchanged
-
infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
fibrosis
-
formation of lymph follicles
Questão 21
Questão
the histological changes in hashimoto thyroiditis affect:
Responda
-
entire thyroid gland
-
markedly focal
Questão 22
Questão
The thyroid follicles Hashimoto thyroiditis are:
Responda
-
unchanged
-
dilated
-
polymorphous
-
smaller
Questão 23
Questão
what is hyper-granulation?
Responda
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Questão 24
Questão
what is a scar?
Responda
-
hypertrophic granulation tissue
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
none of the above
Questão 25
Questão
what is a keloid?
Responda
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
mature connective tissue
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Questão 26
Questão
which stain can be used to prove of scarring (cicatrix) of the heart?
Responda
-
Van Gieson
-
Perls
-
Congo Red
-
PAS
Questão 27
Questão
which of the following could not be seen in rheumatoid nodules?
Responda
-
firbrinoid necrosis
-
epitheloid cells
-
Langhans cells
-
lymphocytes
Questão 28
Questão
Indicate the correct statement(s) for the polyarteriitis nodosa
Responda
-
it is an automimmune disease
-
it affects mostly the elastic arteries
-
there is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with toluidin Bleu
-
the branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected
Questão 29
Questão
Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Responda
-
hemolytic anemia
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
allergic rhinitis
-
bronchial asthma
Questão 30
Questão
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Responda
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
hemolytic anemia
-
allergic rhinitis
-
nodasal polyarteriitis
Questão 31
Questão
Immune complexes mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Responda
-
polyartheriitis nodosa
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
-
hemolytic anemia
-
tuberculosis
Questão 32
Questão
Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Responda
-
tuberculosis
-
polyarteriitis nodosa
-
bronchial asthma
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Questão 33
Questão
Which is the most common way of metastasizing of epithelial tumors?
Responda
-
by lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)
-
with blood (hematogenic metastases)
-
by cerebrospinal fluid
-
none of the above
Questão 34
Questão
what is papilloma?
Responda
-
malignant tumor of the covering epithelium
-
benign tumor of glandular epithelium
-
benign tumor of cover type epithelium
-
benign soft tissue tumor
Questão 35
Questão
Indicate the correct characteristic(s) for Papilloma
Responda
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia
-
stroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguinsh
-
it doesnt have a capsule
Questão 36
Questão
what is the term used for malignant tumors of cover type epithelium?
Responda
-
adenocarcinoma
-
Papilloma
-
Carcinoma
-
Sarcoma
Questão 37
Questão
what is the term used for malignant tumors of glandular type epithelial origin
Responda
-
adenocarcinoma
-
adenoma
-
Carcinoma
-
Carcino-adenoma
Questão 38
Questão
what is the term used for benign tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
Responda
-
Papilloma
-
Adenoma
-
teratoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Questão 39
Questão
point the correct statements(s) about basal cell carcinoma
Responda
-
it develops only on the skin
-
it can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
it characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases
-
very often it reoccurs at the same place after surgery
Questão 40
Questão
Keratinized squamous cell carcinoma:
Responda
-
develops only on the skin
-
can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
is highly undifferentiated malignant tumor
-
is a tumor composed of more differentiated cells with keratin production
Questão 41
Questão
what kind of structures are the cancer pearls?
Responda
-
accumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium
-
pink- coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
accumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
pink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor
Questão 42
Questão
the gross appearance of which tumor is called "ulcus rodens"
Responda
-
squamous cell carcinoma
-
melanoma
-
basal cell carcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Questão 43
Questão
squamous cell carcinoma develops in the lung after
Responda
-
acute bronchitis
-
chronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia
-
bronchial asthma
-
inhalation of a foreign body
Questão 44
Questão
papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder arises from:
Responda
-
squamous epithelium
-
transitional epithelium
-
glandular epithelium
-
smooth musculature
Questão 45
Questão
what is carcinoma in situ?
Responda
-
malignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane
-
malignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it
-
benign tumor limited to the basal membrane
-
benign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues
Questão 46
Questão
which staining is used for proving mucus production from gelatinous adenocarcinoma?
Responda
-
Congo red
-
Toluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated
-
PAS reaction with amylase control
-
Van Gieson
Questão 47
Questão
Pericanalicular and intracanalicular types of:
Responda
-
ductal carcinoma of the breast
-
Paget's disease
-
renal cell carcinoma
-
fibroadenoma
Questão 48
Questão
Kruckenberg tumors are:
Responda
-
metastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries
Questão 49
Questão
Pleomorphic adenoma could be seen mainly:
Responda
-
in the parotid gland
-
in the minor salivary glands
-
in the stomach
-
in thyroid gland
Questão 50
Questão
indicate the correct statements about fibroadenoma of the breast
Responda
-
Capsulated and lobulated tumor
-
non-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth
-
microscopically it has two types- intracanalicular and pericanalicular
-
seen in older women
Questão 51
Questão
Mark the correct statements about papillary cystadenoma of the ovary:
Responda
-
malignant tumor
-
has cyst-like and papillary structures
-
histological characteristics include serous and mucinous types
-
its is a physiological change related to menstrual cycle
Questão 52
Questão
'Linitis plastica' is a gross subtype of:
Responda
-
gastric cancer
-
pancreatic cancer
-
breast cancer
-
Uterine Cancer
Questão 53
Questão
Grossly adenocarcinoma of colon can be:
Responda
-
polypoid
-
Ulcerous
-
nodular
-
all of the listed above
Questão 54
Questão
the terms "early cancer" and "advanced cancer" are used for:
Responda
-
gastric adenocarcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
-
adenocarcinoma of the colon
-
breast cancer
Questão 55
Questão
what Kind of Sarcoma could be seen an immune deficiency?
Responda
-
Kaposi Sarcoma
-
Ewing sarcoma
-
Rhabdomysarcoma
-
chondrosarcoma
Questão 56
Questão
which of the following sarcomas have the worst prognosis?
Responda
-
liposarcoma
-
osteosarcoma
-
fibrosarcoma
-
leiomyosarcoma
Questão 57
Questão
what staining can be used to distinguish leiomyoma uteri from fibroma?
Responda
-
Congo red
-
perls
-
PAS reaction with PAS control
-
Van Gieson
Questão 58
Questão
Point the characteristics of the leeiomyosarcoma
Responda
-
polymorphism of cells and nuclei
-
hyper- and polychromasia of nuclei
-
typical mytoses
-
monster cells
Questão 59
Questão
what is hybernoma?
Responda
-
benign tumor of vascular origin
-
benign tumor originating from brown fat tissue
-
benign tumor originating from striated muscle
-
malignant tumor originating from pigment tissue
Questão 60
Questão
what are the signs of the atypia in a nevus?
Responda
-
asymmetry of the lesion, irregular borders
-
dark color, irregular color of the lesion
-
diameter less than 5mm
-
regular borders
Questão 61
Questão
how should a biopsy be done if there is a suspicion for the melanoma?
Responda
-
incision biopsy
-
Punch biopsy
-
excision biopsy
-
brush biopsy
Questão 62
Questão
point the most common localizations of the teratomas
Responda
-
ovaries, testis
-
extremities
-
retroperitoneum
-
mediastinum
Questão 63
Questão
which of the following are organoid teratomas:
Responda
-
nephroblastoma
-
cholesteatoma
-
dermoid cyst
-
branchiogenic cyst
Questão 64
Questão
which of the following is organismoid teratoma?
Responda
-
epidermoid cyst
-
teratocarcinoma
-
dermoid cyst
-
nephroblastoma
Questão 65
Questão
what is nevus pigmentosus?
Responda
-
tumor-like process
-
tumor process
-
microscopically it contains mature melanocytes
-
microscopically it contains cells with signs of severe atypia and some of them contain melanin
Questão 66
Questão
what is melanoma?
Responda
-
malignant congenital tumor
-
benign tumor composed of melanocytes
-
malignant tumor of pigment origin
-
none of the above
Questão 67
Questão
what is an achromatic melanoma
Responda
-
benign form of melanoma
-
melanoma without melanin in the tumor cells
-
type of melanoma which can be proved with immunohistochemical tests
-
melanoma which is more differentiated
Questão 68
Questão
point possible localisations of the nevus pigmentosus and melanoma
Responda
-
skin
-
Uvea
-
meninges
-
all of the above
Questão 69
Questão
lentigo maligna, nodular, superficial, acral lentigenous are gross forms of:
Responda
-
melanoma
-
squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
-
basal cell carcinoma of the skin
-
nevus pigmentosus
Questão 70
Questão
indicate immunohistochemical stains to prove melanoma
Responda
-
HMB-45
-
ca-125
-
S-100
-
cytokeratin
Questão 71
Questão
which of the following tumors do not have a stroma
Responda
-
choriocarcinoma
-
seminoma
-
nephroblastoma
-
neuroblastoma
Questão 72
Questão
indicate types of nevus pigmentosus
Responda
-
acquired and congenital
-
junctional, compound, intradermal
-
benign and malignant nevus
-
ectodermal and endodermal nevus
Questão 73
Questão
squamous cell carcinoma occurs most frequently in:
Responda
-
stomach
-
skin
-
bladder
-
larynx
Questão 74
Questão
the term 'pathognomonic change' means:
Responda
-
unexplained change
-
paradoxical change
-
sufficient to identify the diagnosis/lesion
-
diffuse inflammatory change
Questão 75
Questão
which type of bleeding occur in the digestive system?
Responda
-
hemothorax
-
hemoptysis
-
melena
-
hematemesis
Questão 76
Questão
left ventricular hypertrophy can develop in:
Responda
-
cor pulmonale
-
systemic hypertension
-
mitral stenosis
-
aortic stenosis
Questão 77
Questão
cancer cells which show no resemblance to the tissue from which the tumor originates are called:
Responda
-
undifferentiated carcinoma
-
well-differentiated carcinoma
-
scirrhous type carcinoma
-
histioid cancer
Questão 78
Questão
which of the following is correct for the mechanical jaundice?
Responda
-
indirect bilirubin prevails in blood
-
elevated urine urobilinogen
-
elevated urine bilirubin
-
stools are hyperpigmented
Questão 79
Questão
Basal cell carcinoma is localised most frequently on:
Responda
-
the skin of the forearm
-
the skin of the lower limbs
-
the skin on the palms
-
skin of the face
Questão 80
Questão
Bilaterally, on the skin of the eyelids of a young woman are seen yellow nodules with the size of a grain of rice. what is it?
Responda
-
xanthelasma
-
nevus
-
ephelides
-
hemosiderin deposition
Questão 81
Questão
how do we call the local depigmentation of the skin
Responda
-
vitiligo
-
hemosiderosis
-
albinism
-
ohronosis
Questão 82
Questão
which of the following is correct for mechanical jaundice:
Responda
-
it is parenchyma jaundice
-
there is posthepatic occlusion
-
direct bilirubin is increased
-
it is also called hemolytic jaundice
Questão 83
Questão
"Mutilation" means:
Responda
-
form of biological mutation
-
pendulum movement of the blood
-
zonal hair loss
-
self amputation of the phalanges
Questão 84
Questão
in the bronchi and nasal cavity may develop squamous cell carcinoma based on:
Responda
-
hypoplasia
-
histological accomodation
-
anaplasia
-
metaplasia
Questão 85
Questão
state which of the following is a macroscopic characteristic of adenocarcinoma:
Responda
-
like a "bowl"
-
like a "cauliflower"
-
round non healing ulcers on the face
-
very dense knot int he face
Questão 86
Questão
the most common localisation of lymphangioma is:
Responda
-
the face
-
in sella turcica
-
on the phalanges of the toes
-
lips, tongue
Questão 87
Questão
presence of the lymphocytes and plasma cells in the stroma of tumors is called:
Responda
-
reactive inflammation
-
morphological anaplasia
-
stromal reaction
-
sinus histiocytosis
Questão 88
Questão
Carcinoids are:
Responda
-
tumor-like process
-
benign tumors
-
malignant tumors
-
hyperplastic process
Questão 89
Questão
how does carcinoma in situ metastasize?
Responda
-
by the lymph flow
-
perineural
-
by the blood flow
-
does not metastasize
Questão 90
Questão
the most frequent localisation of neurinoma in the skull is:
Responda
-
ponto-cerebellar angle
-
falx cerebri
-
tentorium cerebelli
-
cerebellum
Questão 91
Questão
Signet-ring cells are seen in:
Responda
-
in obesity
-
vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in kidney
-
liver steatosis
-
adenocarcinoma accumulating mucus in tumor cells
Questão 92
Questão
squamous cell carcinoma may develop from:
Responda
-
mouth mucosa
-
lining in the bronchi
-
lining of the vaginal part of the cervix
-
epithelium of gastric mucosa
Questão 93
Questão
Dermoid cyst is:
Responda
-
mature teratoma, which occurs most frequently in the ovary
-
benign tumor of cells of the soft meninges
-
pigmental tumor
-
benign tumor associated with pregnancy
Questão 94
Questão
ULCUS RODENS (rodent ulcer) is a metaphor for macroscopical finding in:
Responda
-
adenocarcinoma of the stomach
-
leutic ulcer
-
Rodent bites
-
basal cell carcinoma
Questão 95
Questão
the following microscopic description indicates: H-E staining: the lesion consists of nests of normal melanocytes that accumulate different quantity of brown-black pigment. These cells can be found in papillary or reticular derma of the skin.
Responda
-
naevus pigementosus
-
melanoma maligum
-
skin oedema
-
basal cell Carcinoma
Questão 96
Questão
the following clinical features: left-sided heart failure, dyspnoe (shortness of breath), frequent cough with rusty colour expectoration, can be seen in:
Responda
-
brown induration of the lungs/hemosiderosis of lungs
-
heart tamponade
-
1st degree AV-block
-
all of the above
Questão 97
Questão
which heart disease can be described with the following microscopic picture: the cuspid valve when stained with H-E shows loose area - clear and unstained spaces between fibrous structures representing interstitional mucoid oedema swelling. Fibroblasts are seen around this clear zone and in periphery of the cuspid valve (sign of fibrosis). the valve contains many newly formed capillaries (the process is called vascularisation).
Responda
-
acute endocarditis
-
subacute endocarditis
-
age-related degeneration of the valve
-
Rheumatism
Questão 98
Questão
which answer is correct for the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The liver columns are atropic, the sinusoids look dilated. The hepatocytes are smaller in size and contain brown-golden pigment granules with perinuclear localization
Responda
-
nutmeg liver
-
cyanosis hepatis
-
acute hepatitis
-
atrophy of the liver
Questão 99
Questão
the following microscopic description in indicative for: H-E staining: alveolar spaces are filled with precipitated homogenous pink fluid. Alveolar Septi and capillaries are dilated and filled with erythrocytes. Airy bubbles can be found in the alveolar cavities and in the lumens of bronchi
Responda
-
hemorrhagic infarction of the lung
-
hemosiderosis pulmonis
-
pulmofibrosis
-
lung edema
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