1528265
Descrição
Quiz por Jace Riley, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Jace Riley
aproximadamente 10 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
Hobbes - The Second law of nature requires that
Responda
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Natural inequalities among men be preserved by class distinctions
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All men give up the same rights as all others
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Slavery be forced upon those who violate the other laws
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An arbiter not be biased
Questão 2
Questão
According to Hobbes the main difference between a belief in one God as opposed to many gods is that
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The belief in one God comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in many gods comes from fear of the future.
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Only a belief in many gods is based on truth and not an attempt to control others
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The belief in many gods comes from a scientific search for a First Cause, while belief in God comes from fear of the future
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Only a belief in God claims any supernatural or divine involvement with humans
Questão 3
Questão
According to Hobbes, the origin of religion is
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Simple manipulation by tricky people
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God simply gave men religion as a gift
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Anxiety of things to come and a desire to protect oneself from bad things happening
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Recognition of seasonal changes without a good explanation for why it happens
Questão 4
Questão
According to Hobbes, liberty is
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Absence of opposition
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only available in the Commonwealth
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available to all subjects
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for weaklings
Questão 5
Questão
According to Hobbes, a Free-Man is
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one that is not hindered from doing what he wills and has the strength and wit to do
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a subject of the true and living king
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one that has escaped the state of nature
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one that has escaped from slavery
Questão 6
Questão
Hobbes argues that liberty and necessity can function at the same time
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 7
Questão
Hobbes argues that the commonwealth
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must limit the power of the sovereign
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should always be governed by majority rule
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is one artificial person
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must encourage diversity
Questão 8
Questão
According to Hobbes, the sovereign can command the death of a subject, but not that the subject yield his right of self preservation
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 9
Questão
According to Hobbes, covenants without sufficient force to support them are useless
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 10
Questão
The different types of commonwealth by institution include all of the following except,
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monarchy
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aristocracy
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anarchy
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democracy
Questão 11
Questão
According to Hobbes, the power of the sovereign is different depending on whether he acquired power through acquisition or institution
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 12
Questão
According to Hobbes no one has the right to criticize the actions of a sovereign, since each subject is the author of those actions
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 13
Questão
According to Hobbes, the sovereign should be under the contract, and therefore may be removed easily from power
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 14
Questão
According to Hobbes, property exists in the state of nature
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 15
Questão
The right of nature
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Allows all men liberty to use his own power as he will, and to protect his life and the means of improving his life
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Prevents men from being happy
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prevents any man from harming another
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allows all men privacy
Questão 16
Questão
Hobbes - Command and council differ
Responda
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counsel is offered with the interests of the hearer in mind
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counsel is offered by one with authority
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counsel is offered with the interests of the speaker in mind
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counsel must be obeyed
Questão 17
Questão
According to Hobbes, the sovereign can legitimately command someone to commit suicide
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 18
Questão
Groups formed by the authority of the sovereign are known as
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Political bodies
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writts
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private parties
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limited systems
Questão 19
Questão
According to Hobbes, it is better to have counselors meet all together than to hear their counsel individually
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 20
Questão
According to Hobbes, every crime is a sin, but not every sin is a crime
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 21
Questão
According to Hobbes, fear is most likely to deter someone from committing a crime, but people may also commit crimes due to fear
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 22
Questão
According to Hobbes, it is sometimes acceptable to protest the decrees of political bodies, but not the decrees of the sovereign
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 23
Questão
According to Hobbes, property
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is a creation of the commonwealth and determined by the sovereign
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exists in the state of nature
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should always be determined by force
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is an innate and inalienable right
Questão 24
Questão
Hobbes argues that political factions are necessary for a good government
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 25
Questão
Hobbes refers to commerce as
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Circulation
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theft
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sinews
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nutrition
Questão 26
Questão
Who, according to Locke, has the right of reparation
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the victim of the transgression
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the sovereign
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everyone
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no one
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the transgressor
Questão 27
Questão
Locke argues that, in the state of nature, all have the right to punish someone who transgresses natural law
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 28
Questão
According to Locke, slavery is justified in the state of war
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 29
Questão
According to Locke, there are no covenants outside the commonwealth
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 30
Questão
What is the limit on the natural right to property, according to Locke?
Responda
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The sovereign's will
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you cannot justly let things spoil in your possession
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all private property is theft, all things should stay in common
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there is no limit
Questão 31
Questão
Locke argues we may never lawfully harm another person
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 32
Questão
Locke says that humans are all equal because
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We all can kill each other
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we all think we are smarter than everyone else
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we are all unworthy of God's love
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We are all creations and servants of God
Questão 33
Questão
According to Locke, natural law is derived from
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hatred
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physics
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pythagorean theorem
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reason
Questão 34
Questão
Locke argues that all private property can be traced to the inheritance of the oldest sons of Adam down to the present day
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 35
Questão
Locke argues that liberty is equal to license, that is not being bound by any law
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 36
Questão
Which is the determining rule in a commonwealth, according to Locke
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The philosopher king knows best
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majority rule
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patriarchy: father knows best
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might makes right
Questão 37
Questão
What is not needed i na commonwealth according to Locke?
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A sovereign with arbitrary power over all property on a given territory
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an established, disinterested (that is, not having a material stake in the outcome of controversy) judicature
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an agreement of all members to give up their natural executive power to the sovereign, except for the immediate self-preservation
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a known (published) law
Questão 38
Questão
According to Locke, the first society was
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church
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master-servant, emerging from the state of war
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commonwealth
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family
Questão 39
Questão
The main difference between Hobbes' social contract and Locke's social contract is that
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Hobbes' contract includes all members, including the sovereign
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Locke's contract includes all members, including the sovereign
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Locke's contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Hobbes' doesnt
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Hobbes' contract requires all men to allow the commonwealth to employ their individual force, while Locke's doesnt
Questão 40
Questão
According to Locke, which is not part of freedom
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liberty of every one to do whatever he feels like
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not being subject to the arbitrary will of another
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use of reason
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responsibility to act under the law
Questão 41
Questão
According to Locke, the power parents have over children
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is the same as political power
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arises from their duty to teach them reason
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is vested only in the father, thus it is paternal power
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lasts all their lives
Questão 42
Questão
According to Locke, the requirement to join a particular commonwealth is most closely linked to
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paternal power: a child must remain in the same commonwealth as the father
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the land the person claims as his own
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the mother's membership
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there are no such requirements: anyone can live anywhere and belong to any commonwealth
Questão 43
Questão
According to Locke, who is not part of civil society
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slaves
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wives
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servants
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children
Questão 44
Questão
According to Locke, the basic requirement for the exercise of freedom is
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reason
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caprice
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cowardice
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rebellion
Questão 45
Questão
Paternal power
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gives the father absolute, arbitrary control over the child
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is granted for life to him who begat the child
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is granted for as long as the child is in his care, until the child reaches the ability to reason
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can never be held by a woman
Questão 46
Questão
Unlike Hobbes, Locke argues that a promise made under threat of violence is not binding
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 47
Questão
Locke alls the power to engage the forces of one commonwealth in relation with another, for example entering alliances
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permissive power
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executive power
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federative power
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judicial power
Questão 48
Questão
The exercise of power which another has a right to is
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democracy
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aristocracy
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monarchy
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usurpation
Questão 49
Questão
"Power in the hands of the prince to provide for the public good in such cases which, depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct" is called
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Salus Populi
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Prerogative
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Tyranny
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Common law
Questão 50
Questão
According to Locke, the supreme form of political power is
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judicial
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executive
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legislative
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permissive
Questão 51
Questão
Rousseau argues that human nature can change depending on the conditions he is in
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 52
Questão
Rousseau's "noble savage" in the state of nature lives for the benefit of his family
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 53
Questão
According to Rousseau, the idea that leads men into civil society is
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property
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danger from outsiders
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self-defense
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family
Questão 54
Questão
According to Rousseau, the first type of society for humans was the
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religious community
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master-slave relationship
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polis
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family
Questão 55
Questão
One of the key traits that keep humans in the state of nature from harming each other, according to Rousseau, is
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diffidence
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pity
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reason
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competition
Questão 56
Questão
The goal that led to much corruption with the early groups of people was
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love
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acceptance
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pity
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public esteem
Questão 57
Questão
The two arts that produced a huge revolution in early societies were
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writing and linguistics
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science and painting
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agriculture and metallurgy
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religion and dance
Questão 58
Questão
Who benefitted most from the institution of the first social contracts?
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the rich
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the poor
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the intelligent
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the weak
Questão 59
Questão
What is the nature of Rousseau's social contract as sketched in the Discourse
Responda
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All agree to form a monarchy, but bind the sovereign power
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the sovereign simply conquers the subjects, and agrees not to kill them as long as they are obedient
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all but the sovereign (or Magistrate) agree to give rights to the sovereign, but the sovereign does not enter into the agreement
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the populace agrees to obey, while the magistrate agrees to use his/their powers only in accordance with the intention of the constituenths
Questão 60
Questão
What is the basis for inequality, according to Rousseau
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-
natural differences in intelligence
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natural differences in physical attributes
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property
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luck
Questão 61
Questão
Rousseau argues that no man justly can give up liberty
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 62
Questão
Rousseau argues that the right of war does not justify slavery
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 63
Questão
Rousseau argues that social order is the basis of all other rights
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 64
Questão
According to Rousseau, the only natural society is the
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city
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commonwealth
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family
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state
Questão 65
Questão
According to Rousseau, the best legislator would be someone outside the commonwealth, although the laws would still have to be accepted by the sovereign
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 66
Questão
Rousseau argues that the notion of "might makes right" legitimizes rebellion
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 67
Questão
According to Rousseau, competition among factions is good for the society, as it creates political liberalism
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 68
Questão
Like Hobbes, Rousseau argues that all individuals give all their rights to the sovereign, who is not under any obligations because he/they does/do not enter into the contract
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 69
Questão
Rousseau argues that all citizens on an enemy state legitimately can be killed at any time
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 70
Questão
Rousseau argues that Hobbes' view of politics reduces men to so many herds of cattle to be devoured by the leader
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 71
Questão
Rousseau argues that the larger the state, the less liberty individuals have
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 72
Questão
The most vigorous government, according to Rousseau, is
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-
democracy
-
oligarchy
-
monarchy
-
aristocracy
Questão 73
Questão
Rousseau argues that democracy is always the best form of government
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 74
Questão
Rousseau indicates that the government will never act in opposition to the sovereign
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 75
Questão
Rousseau states that elective aristocracies are better than hereditary aristocracies
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 76
Questão
According to Rousseau the mark of a good government is that
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it has many artists
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it has peace
-
its citizens increase and multiply
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it conquers its neighbors
Questão 77
Questão
The three wills that compete for a magistrate's acceptance include the following except
Responda
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general will of the individual
-
collective will of the magistrates
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private will of the individual
-
general will of the sovereign
Questão 78
Questão
Rousseau argues that __________________ is the best form of government for very large states
Responda
-
Tyranny
-
Democracy
-
Aristocracy
-
monarchy
Questão 79
Questão
Which term encompasses all others, for Rousseau?
Responda
-
Governor
-
Magistrate
-
King
-
Prince
Questão 80
Questão
Rousseau argues that the sovereign must have regular, scheduled meetings in which it reexamines its commitment of the executive power to a particular form of government and to the particular members of the government
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 81
Questão
Which was not a requirement mentioned by Rousseau for the legitimate assembly of comitia?
Responda
-
the assembly had to be held on a day permitted by law
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the magistrate calling the assembly had to have the proper authority
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the auguries had to be favorable
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the agenda had to be published beforehand
Questão 82
Questão
When voting on issues, which question does Rousseau want citizens to answer
Responda
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Is the proposal advantageous to me?
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Is this proposal harmful to our enemies
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Is this proposal advantageous to the majority of citizens
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Is this proposal advantageous to the state
Questão 83
Questão
When the general will is strongest, the commonwealth needs few laws
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 84
Questão
Rousseau argued that the general will is harmed by factions
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 85
Questão
The two considerations for determining how much of a majority is needed to pass
Responda
-
number of citizens and geographic size of the state
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importance of the issue and need for a speedy decision
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none: it always requires just over 50% of votes cast
-
The right to speak on the issue and the number of citizens
Questão 86
Questão
Rousseau opposes all censorship
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 87
Questão
Rousseau argued that all laws need to be passed by unanimous consent
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 88
Questão
Rousseau argued that once the commonwealth is established, residence is typically understood as consent to the social contract
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 89
Questão
According to Rousseau, dictators should occasionally be elected, but only for very brief terms
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 90
Questão
According to Rousseau, selection of government official in a democracy is best done by
Responda
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Examination
-
Trial by fire
-
Lot
-
Election
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