Neuropathology I: Introduction & Cerebrovascular Disease

Descrição

Neuropathology I: Introduction & Cerebrovascular Disease lecture given in Week 4
Matthew Coulson
Quiz por Matthew Coulson, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Matthew Coulson
Criado por Matthew Coulson aproximadamente 6 anos atrás
24
1

Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Learning point: A good way to remember layers of the cranium is with the acronym SCALP [blank_start]Skin[blank_end] [blank_start]Connective Tissue[blank_end] [blank_start]Aponeurosis[blank_end] [blank_start]Loose Connective Tissue[blank_end] [blank_start]Pericranium[blank_end]
Responda
  • Skin
  • Connective Tissue
  • Aponeurosis
  • Loose Connective Tissue
  • Pericranium

Questão 2

Questão
The central structure of a eukaryotic neuron responsible for producing rRNA is called the [blank_start]nucleolus[blank_end]
Responda
  • nucleolus

Questão 3

Questão
Acute neuronal injury, whereby hypoxia/ischaemia causes irreversible damage to the neuronal cell (loss of nucleolus, etc) is known as ...
Responda
  • Red neuron
  • White neuron
  • Yellow neuron

Questão 4

Questão
The most important histological indicator of CNS injury is [blank_start]gliosis[blank_end].
Responda
  • gliosis

Questão 5

Questão
Gliosis is acute [blank_start]hyperplasia[blank_end] and [blank_start]hypertrophy[blank_end] of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) and is a major indicator of CNS damage.
Responda
  • hyperplasia
  • hypoplasia
  • hypertrophy
  • atrophy

Questão 6

Questão
Which type of glial cell is typically damaged as part of demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis?
Responda
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia

Questão 7

Questão
The immune mediators of the CNS are called ...
Responda
  • Microglia
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Natural Killer cells

Questão 8

Questão
Are brain infarctions more frequently embolic or thrombotic?
Responda
  • Embolic
  • Thrombotic

Questão 9

Questão
Cerebral infarction (due to e.g. thrombosis or emboli) is more prevalent in women than men.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
Differentiate thrombotic from embolic cerebral infarction: [blank_start]Thrombotic[blank_end] = Atherosclerotic segment formed in the arteries of the brain [blank_start]Embolic[blank_end] = Substance formed elsewhere in the body (commonly internal carotid, aortic arch or heart) that travels to the brain in the blood and becomes lodged, thus causing infarction.
Responda
  • Embolic
  • Thrombotic
  • Thrombotic
  • Embolic

Questão 11

Questão
Venous thrombi (red thrombi) typically form via blood stasis in which bodily organ? The [blank_start]heart[blank_end] Would this cause an embolic or thrombotic cerebral infarction? [blank_start]Embolic[blank_end] cerebral infarction
Responda
  • heart
  • Embolic

Questão 12

Questão
In which artery of the brain is a thrombus most likely to form?
Responda
  • Anterior cerebral artery
  • Middle cerebral artery
  • Posterior cerebral artery

Questão 13

Questão
Approximately 48 hours after a cerebral infarct, neutrophils are no longer the predominant cell type. What is the dominant cell type? [blank_start]Microglial[blank_end] cells
Responda
  • Microglial

Questão 14

Questão
In terms of Haemorrhagic infarcts, match the site of lesion to the clinical findings. [blank_start]Carotid artery disease[blank_end]: Contralateral weakness or sensory loss. If dominant hemisphere may experience aphasia/apraxia [blank_start]Middle cerebral artery[blank_end]: Weakness predominantly contralateral face and arm [blank_start]Anterior cerebral artery[blank_end]: Weakness and sensory loss in contralateral leg [blank_start]Vertebro-basilar artery disease[blank_end]: Vertigo, Ataxia, Dysarthria, Dysphagia, among other brain stem syndromes
Responda
  • Carotid artery disease
  • Middle cerebral artery
  • Anterior cerebral artery
  • Vertebro-basilar artery disease

Questão 15

Questão
Which clinical condition is the biggest risk factor for stroke? [blank_start]Hypertension[blank_end]
Responda
  • Hypertension

Questão 16

Questão
Hypertension typically predisposes to which type of stroke?
Responda
  • Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome
  • Partial Anterior Circulation Stroke
  • Posterior Circulation Syndrome
  • Lacunar Stroke

Questão 17

Questão
What is the most common type of stroke? [blank_start]Lacunar[blank_end] stroke
Responda
  • Lacunar

Questão 18

Questão
Intracerebral haemorrhages most typically occur in the ...
Responda
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Thalamus
  • Cerebellum

Questão 19

Questão
What are the most common vascular malformations?
Responda
  • Cavernous angiomas
  • Venous angiomas
  • Capillary telangiectases
  • Arteriovenous malformations

Questão 20

Questão
Arteriovenous Malformations... Involve shunting from [blank_start]artery to vein[blank_end], leading to formation of easily ruptured smooth muscle and aneurysms Typically occur in the territory of the [blank_start]middle[blank_end] cerebral artery
Responda
  • middle
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • artery to vein
  • vein to artery

Questão 21

Questão
Subarachnoid haemorrhages most typically occur due to rupture of [blank_start]berry[blank_end] aneurysms. 90% of subarachnoid haemorrhages occur in the territory of the [blank_start]internal carotid[blank_end] artery.
Responda
  • internal carotid
  • berry

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