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Neuropathology II - Demyelination & Dementia

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Neuropathology II - Demyelination & Dementia given in Week 4 Includes Memory Loss lectures given during Week 4
Matthew Coulson
Quiz por Matthew Coulson, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Matthew Coulson
Criado por Matthew Coulson quase 6 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
What is the most common demyelinating disease? [blank_start]Multiple Sclerosis[blank_end]
Responda
  • Multiple Sclerosis

Questão 2

Questão
Multiple sclerosis is more prevalent in women than men
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
The peak incidence for diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis is ...
Responda
  • 13-18 years old
  • 20-30 years old
  • 40-50 years old
  • >50 years old

Questão 4

Questão
The demyelination associated with MS is best seen on which type of brain scan?
Responda
  • T1 MRI Brain Scan
  • T2 MRI Brain Scan

Questão 5

Questão
Demyelinating plaques in MS typically affect the ...
Responda
  • white matter of the brain
  • grey matter of the brain
  • meningeal-cerebral border

Questão 6

Questão
What type of tumour tend to typically arise at the cerebellopontine angle? [blank_start]Vestibular schwannoma[blank_end]
Responda
  • Vestibular schwannoma

Questão 7

Questão
One way of diagnosing MS is via lumbar puncture looking for oligoclonal [blank_start]IgG[blank_end] bands in the CSF
Responda
  • IgG
  • IgA
  • IgE

Questão 8

Questão
Dementia occasionally occurs as part of the natural ageing process and is not considered pathological.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 9

Questão
What is the most common subtype of dementia?
Responda
  • Alzheimer's Disease
  • Vascular Dementia
  • Dementia with Lewy Bodies
  • Frontotemporal Dementia

Questão 10

Questão
Alzheimer's Disease affects 2x more women than men
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
Alzheimer's Disease has a higher incidence in Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) patients
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
One of the mot prominent macroscopic features of Alzheimer's Disease is the cortical atrophy. Which 3 lobes tend to be most heavily affected by this?
Responda
  • Frontal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Lacunar lobe

Questão 13

Questão
Looking at the slices shown here, which of the brains is most likely to have had Alzheimer's Disease?
Image:
Picture50 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Questão 14

Questão
Neurofibrillary tangles are typical of Alzheimer's Disease. They typically occur in the [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] lobe and [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] (memory centre) and are associated with the [blank_start]Tau[blank_end] protein.
Responda
  • Tau
  • temporal
  • hippocampus

Questão 15

Questão
Alzheimer's Disease patients also show Neuritic Plaques in the brains. These are plaques surrounding astrocytes and microglia, composed of what type of amyloid?
Responda
  • Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)
  • Serum amyloid A
  • Amyloid delta peptide (Aδ)
  • Amyloid gamma peptide (Aγ)

Questão 16

Questão
The reason Alzheimer's is more prevalent in Down's Syndrome is due to the fact that the protein cleaved to form amyloid beta peptide is on the 21st chromosome. Having three of these makes accumulation of beta amyloid more probable.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
Amyloid beta protein is formed by the cleavage of ...
Responda
  • Amyloid precursor protein
  • Amyloid progenitor protein
  • Amyloid forming protein
  • Amyloid catalysing protein

Questão 18

Questão
In terms of histology, which stain is used to best identify beta amyloid peptides, thus aiding a diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease?
Responda
  • Congo Red
  • Hematoxylin
  • Carmine
  • Methyl Blue
  • Methyl Green
  • Toluidine Blue
  • Orange G
  • Aniline Blue

Questão 19

Questão
Which 3 of the following symptoms are important in differentiating Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's Disease?
Responda
  • Difficulty walking and a decrease in balance. Typical Parkinsonism symptoms
  • Visual hallucinations
  • Headache
  • Fluctuations in memory loss
  • Moodswings

Questão 20

Questão
Parkinsonism usually occurs due to damage to which part of the basal ganglia? [blank_start]Substantia Nigra[blank_end]
Responda
  • Substantia Nigra

Questão 21

Questão
Which type of dementia is also due to degeneration of the substantia nigra?
Responda
  • Dementia with Lewy Bodies
  • Alzheimer's Disease
  • Huntington's Disease
  • Frontotemporal Dementia
  • Vascular Dementia

Questão 22

Questão
Which two of the following proteins tend to accumulate in Dementia with Lewy Bodies?
Responda
  • ∝-Synuclein
  • Ubiquitin
  • Tau
  • Amyloid Beta
  • Apolipoprotein
  • ITM2B
  • Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Questão 23

Questão
The gene known to cause the autosomal dominant Huntington's disease is called [blank_start]Huntingtin[blank_end]
Responda
  • Huntingtin

Questão 24

Questão
Huntington's disease typically causes the greatest extent of atrophy in which of the following basal ganglia structures?
Responda
  • Caudate Nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus Pallidus

Questão 25

Questão
Pick's Disease is also known as ...
Responda
  • Frontotemporal Dementia
  • Vascular Dementia
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Dementia

Questão 26

Questão
Which of the 3 following symptoms are most common in Fronto-Temporal Dementia
Image:
Picture51 (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Fluctuating memory loss
  • Parkinsonism-like symptoms (gait problems, loss of balance, etc)
  • Personality and behavioural change
  • Speech and communication problems
  • Changes in eating habits
  • Sensory weakness in face and arms
  • Sensory weakness in legs

Questão 27

Questão
The inability to recognise objects seen as part of Alzheimer's Disease is known as [blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end]
Responda
  • Agnosia

Questão 28

Questão
Two or more of the following symptoms is diagnostic of which type of dementia? Visual hallucinations Fluctuating cognition (delirium-like) REM sleep behaviour disorder Parkinsonism (not more than 1 year prior to onset of dementia) Positive DAT scan
Responda
  • Dementia with Lewy Bodies
  • Vascular Dementia
  • Frontotemporal Dementia
  • Alzheimer's Dementia

Questão 29

Questão
What is the first line scanning modality for someone suspected of dementia?
Responda
  • CT Scan
  • MRI Scan
  • SPECT
  • DAT Scan

Questão 30

Questão
Which imaging modality is most useful for frontotemporal dementia?
Responda
  • CT Scan
  • MRI Scan
  • SPECT Scan
  • DAT Scan

Questão 31

Questão
Which imaging modality is most useful for clarifying Parkinsons Plus Syndromes such as Dementia with Lewy Bodies?
Responda
  • CT Scan
  • MRI Scan
  • SPECT Scan
  • DAT Scan

Questão 32

Questão
A 86 year old woman presents to her GP which her daughter, who complains that her mother has had progressive memory loss over the past 3 months. Her mother also complains that she has been seeing spiders crawling up the walls of her apartment and has recently developed a tremor in her hands. What type of dementia is she likely to have?
Responda
  • Dementia with Lewy Bodies
  • Frontotemporal
  • Alzheimer's Disease
  • Vascular Dementia

Questão 33

Questão
What is the first line medical treatment for Alzheimer's Disease?
Responda
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Antipsychotics
  • Antidepressants
  • Dopamine Receptor Inhibitors
  • Glutamatergic Inhibitors

Questão 34

Questão
Which of the below mentioned drugs is an example of a Cholinesterase Inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's Disease?
Responda
  • Donepezil
  • Loxapine
  • Thiothixene
  • Fluphenazine
  • Mesopezil

Questão 35

Questão
If an Alzheimer's/DLB patient fails on Anticholiniergics, or diagnosed with moderate/severe dementia, what drug should they be prescribed? [blank_start]Memantine[blank_end]
Responda
  • Memantine

Questão 36

Questão
It is not mandatory to report a dementia diagnosis to the DVLA
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
In terms of memory loss: [blank_start]Anterograde Amnesia[blank_end] - difficulty in acquiring new material and remembering events since the onset of the illness or injury. [blank_start]Retrograde Amnesia[blank_end] - difficulty in remembering information prior to the onset of the illness or injury
Responda
  • Retrograde Amnesia
  • Anterograde Amnesia

Questão 38

Questão
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a fatal degenerative brain disorder. It causes memory loss, visual disturbances, blindness and is believed to be caused by the protein [blank_start]Prion[blank_end]
Responda
  • Prion
  • Tau
  • Synuclein
  • Beta amyloid
  • Presenilin 2
  • Amyloid Precursor Protein

Questão 39

Questão
A 67 year old women on Ward 2 of Ninewells, admitted for a UTI, has a 3 day history of memory loss and fluctuating cognition. She is not orientated to time or place. It is likely she is suffering from [blank_start]Delirium[blank_end]
Responda
  • Delirium

Questão 40

Questão
Visual hallucinations are common in [blank_start]Delirium[blank_end]
Responda
  • Delirium
  • Dementia
  • Depression

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