Questão 1
Questão
The common vertical incision used in O&G to access the abdomen is known as a [blank_start]laparotomy[blank_end]
Questão 2
Questão
The incision for a caesarian section is typically conducted [blank_start]horizontally[blank_end] [blank_start]2cm[blank_end] above the [blank_start]pubic symphysis[blank_end]
Responda
-
pubic symphysis
-
iliac crests
-
2cm
-
4cm
-
horizontally
-
vertically
Questão 3
Questão
In order to reduce scarring, surgical incisions in O&G are made in an attempt to follow the tension lines of the skin known as [blank_start]Langer[blank_end] lines
Questão 4
Questão
What are the three layers of abdominal fascia called?
Responda
-
Camper's Fascia
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Scarpa's Fascia
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Transversalis Fascia
Questão 5
Questão
Which of the three layers of abdominal fascia are found beneath the oblique musculature?
[blank_start]Transversalis[blank_end] fascia
Questão 6
Questão
Arrange the 4 groups of abdominal muscles from superficial to deep:
[blank_start]External oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Internal oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Rectus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Transversus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
Questão 7
Questão
Which direction do the external oblique muscles run in?
Responda
-
Postero-anteriorly
-
Antero-Posteriorly
Questão 8
Questão
Superiorly, the external oblique muscles attach to ribs [blank_start]5-11[blank_end]
Questão 9
Questão
The external intercostals are joined by a fibrous sheath called an aponeurosis. Name the midline section where the two aponeuroses meet and blend together.
The [blank_start]Linea Alba[blank_end]
Questão 10
Questão
As well as the linea alba, which two other structures do the external obliques attach to inferiorly?
Responda
-
Pubic tubercle
-
Iliac crest
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ASIS
-
Ischial spine
Questão 11
Questão
The internal obliques run in the [blank_start]antero-posterior[blank_end] direction
Responda
-
antero-posterior
-
postero-anterior
Questão 12
Questão
An aponeurosis is a flattened [blank_start]tendon[blank_end]
Responda
-
tendon
-
ligament
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fibrous capsule
-
muscle
Questão 13
Questão
Which abdominal muscles attach to the thoracolumbar fascia found on the back of the body?
Responda
-
External obliques
-
Internal obliques
-
Transversus Abdominis
Questão 14
Questão
Which bony feature of the pelvis do all abdominal muscles apart from the rectus abdominis attach to?
Responda
-
Pubic Tubercle
-
Iliac Crest
-
ASIS
-
Ischial Spine
Questão 15
Questão
The aponeurosis that exists lateral to the rectus abdominis muscles is known as the linea [blank_start]semilunaris[blank_end]
Questão 16
Questão
What is the name of the strong, fibrous layer that surrounds the rectus abdominis muscles and is made up of the combined aponeuroses of transversus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles?
[blank_start]Rectus sheath[blank_end]
Questão 17
Questão
Which line, lying halfway between the pubic crest and umbilicus, demarcates the lower part of the rectus sheath?
The [blank_start]Arcuate[blank_end] line
Questão 18
Questão
Which lateral abdominal muscle is always superficial to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath?
Responda
-
External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Questão 19
Questão
Which muscle splits into anterior and posterior 'leaflets' in the rectus sheath above the acuate line?
Responda
-
External oblique
-
Internal oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Questão 20
Questão
The only notable difference above and below the arcuate line is that above the arcuate line the internal oblique is split into two leaflets, one of which is superficial and the other deep to the rectus abdominis, whereas below the arcuate line the whole internal oblique lies superficial to the rectus abdominis.
Questão 21
Questão
What is the vertebral level os the subcostal nerve?
[blank_start]T12[blank_end]
Questão 22
Questão
Blood supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall:
Anterior Abdominal Wall:
Superior & Inferior [blank_start]epigastric[blank_end] arteries
Lateral Abdominal Wall:
[blank_start]Intercostal[blank_end] and [blank_start]subcostal[blank_end] arteries (alphabetical order)
Responda
-
epigastric
-
subcostal
-
Intercostal
Questão 23
Questão
Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall:
The Superior Epigastric Arteries are a continuation of the [blank_start]internal thoracic[blank_end] artery
The Inferior Epigastric Arteries are branches of the [blank_start]External Iliac[blank_end] Artery
Responda
-
External Iliac
-
internal thoracic
Questão 24
Questão
What are the internal thoracic arteries and veins also known as in women?
The [blank_start]mammary[blank_end] arteries and veins
Questão 25
Questão
What is the vertebral level of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves that supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?
[blank_start]L1[blank_end]
Questão 26
Questão
Between which two muscles do the abdominal nerves travel?
Responda
-
External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Questão 27
Questão
In a Caesarean section, the rectus abdominis muscles are cut in order to reach the uterus.
Questão 28
Questão
Which structure is found halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle, and is the emerging point for the inferior epigastric artery into the abdomen?
[blank_start]Deep inguinal ring[blank_end]
Questão 29
Questão
What triangle is formed from the lateral border of rectus sheath medially, the inguinal ligament inferiorly and the inferior epigastric artery laterally?
The [blank_start]Inguinal[blank_end] Triangle
Questão 30
Questão
Direct vs Indirect Hernias:
First, reduce the hernia and put pressure on the deep inguinal ring (halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle). Following this ask the patient to cough.
If it pops out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]a direct[blank_end] inguinal hernia (through rectus muscle)
If it doesn't pop out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]an indirect[blank_end] inguinal hernia (it passes through the deep inguinal ring, which you're blocking)
Responda
-
a direct
-
an indirect
-
an indirect
-
a direct
Questão 31
Questão
Direct inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]medially[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Indirect inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]laterally[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Responda
-
laterally
-
medially
-
medially
-
laterally
Questão 32
Questão
The incision used to conduct a hysterectomy is the same that is used to conduct a caesarean section